By the mid- 18th cnetury, The Industrial Revolution  had completely overcome much of Europe. Because of this new found and adapted-to technology, there was also an influx and high demand of jobs that needed to be done in order for many families to earn a profit to survive. While many children were used to helping their families on their farms, caring for animals, performing their agricultural duuties, they were not used to working under such awful conditions that The Industrial Revolution had brought about. For many children, parents relied on them to make a wage to support their families adjusting to the new technological advances that had overtaken their farms. A typical work day for a child of just eight-years old or younger, according to mytholyoke.edu, looks like, "They had long and inflexible work hours. According to many studies, these hours ranged from 14 hours a day or 70 hours per week. The child laborers worked in environments that were unhealthy and dangerous to their physical well being. Many lost limbs, were killed in gas explosions; crushed under machines; and burned" (mythoyoke.edu). All things considered, these working conditions would be unfavorable to anyone of any age or phsyical capabilty. Because this was recognized by many progressive individuals. Many literary figures of this time such as, Charles Dickens, Elizabeth Barret Browning, Charlotte Elizabeth and many others spoke out about and took a stance on child labor in many of their literary works. Because of how much negative attention this topic was receving, many laws were passed in an effort to improve and even try to abolish the unfair and horrid conditions of child labor. Some of these laws include the Factory Act. Through the Facotry Act, the conditions within the work place were improved for children, allowing safety regulations to be enforced and throroughly practiced. Though this was a step in the right direction, just 9 years later, the Mines Act of 1842 which prohibited women and young girls to work in mines and even raised the age limit for young boys to ten-years old. Finally, after much effort and attempt, in 1847, the Factories Act or otherwise reffered to as the Ten Hours Act was officially put into place. Through these new laws and guidelines, women and chidlren (ages 13-18) were set to work a maximum of ten hour work days. In addtion, employers were to provide their employees with the correct clothing for work enforcing safety and precaution in the workplace. 

Sources:

https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~hicks22a/classweb/Childlabor/WebsiteChildlabo...

https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/child-labour

https://industrialchildlabor.weebly.com/the-ten-hour-act-of-1847.html

http://www.historyhome.co.uk/peel/factmine/minesact.htm

https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/1833-factory-act...