Genocide of the Armenians (Medz Yeghern, “Great Crime”)
The Young Turks (nationalist officers of the Ottoman Empire) ordered massive massacres against the Armenian Christian population between 1915 and 1923. Subsequent mass deportations will bring the number of victims to about one and a half million.

Genocide of the peoples of China 
In the year 1900, the Boxer Revolt caused over 30,000 deaths, mostly Christians, in Northern China. And at least 48 million Chinese have fallen under the Mao regime between the Great Leap Forward, the purges, the cultural revolution and the forced labor camps, from 1949 to 1975.

Genocide of the peoples in Russia 
No less than 20 million Russians were eliminated during the years of Stalin's communist terror (1924-1953) because of executions of counter-revolutionaries and prisoners, victims of the gulag or starvation.

Genocides of the peoples in Indonesia 
In the period 1965-1967, nearly one million Indonesian Communists were deliberately eliminated by Indonesian government forces, while between 1974 and 1999 250,000 people from the East Timorese population were eliminated by pro-Indonesian paramilitary groups.

Genocide of the Cambodian people 
The Khmer Rouge (Communist Party) in 1975 immediately attempted to fill the political vacuum as the American troops scrambled to fly to safety. Pol Pot and others in his government embarked on a policy of social engineering to create a pure Communism, that can be considered genocide, resulting in the massacre of 2.5 million in the “killing fields” of Cambodia.

Genocide of the Sudanese people 
The War in Darfur, or Land Cruiser War, is conflict in a region of Sudan called Darfur that began in February 2003, when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups started a conflict against the government of Sudan, that they accused of oppressing Darfur's non-Arab population, and so the government did and still do.

Genocides of the peoples in Rwanda and neighboring countries (Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi) 
Since 1994, 800,000 Rwandan civilians have been massacred in the conflict that broke out between Hutus and Tutsis; in addition to Rwanda, all the neighboring countries were the scene of the killings: Uganda to the north, Burundi to the south, Congo to the west and Tanzania to the east. 

Genocide of the Iraqi People 
The Anfal campaign, also known as the Anfal genocide or the Kurdish genocide, was a genocidal counterinsurgency operation which was carried out by Ba'athist Iraq and killed between 50,000 and 182,000 Kurds in the late 1980s. Iraqi forces were led by Ali Hassan al-Majid, on the orders of President Saddam Hussein, against Iraqi Kurdistan in Northern Iraq during the final stages of the Iran-Iraq war.

Scholars of various disciplines have looked into political, economical and social conditions in order to understand the origin of discrimination and discover possible recurrences in the genocides that disfigured modern history:
- first of all, the resentment for a historic event perceived as unjust;
- secondly, the attribution of the cause of injustice to a specific social or ethnic group;
- the third factor is international isolation; for example, because of the resentment Jews were identified as the internal enemy to get rid of, even though they had been living in Germany for centuries.