On 13 March 1891, J. T. Grein’s subscription society, the Independent Theatre Society, opened with Henrik Ibsen’s Ghosts. The society provided the London stage with a theater that eschewed popular and profitable forms and embraced avant-gardism. Image: Photograph of Henrik Ibsen by Gustav Borgen, c. 1898. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired.

Articles

Renata Kobetts Miller, “The Cultural Work of Drama Criticism in the Early 1890s”