Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Interpretation of "The Lady of Shalott"

Description: 

Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s illustration for Alfred Tennyson’s “The Lady of Shalott” appears in the Moxon Tennyson on page 75. This illustration was produced through woodcut by the Daziel Brothers. 

Tennyson's sparse approach to description in the poem left much up to the interpretation of the artist when it came to creating and depicting its character and setting. The Lady of Shalott presented a unique opportunity for the Pre-Raphaelite illustrators to project the plight of the isolated artist onto the themes of the poem. This image communicates the tension inherent within an artist who has the need to both interpret the natural world as they see it and experience it as it is. Ultimately, the fate of The Lady as shown in this image could be representative of the destruction of the artist by the necessity of interacting with the natural world. 

Rossetti’s interpretation of the poem is styled after medieval and renaissance art. This artistic choice reflects the setting of the poem within Arthurian legend by emphasizing the Crusades. The illustration depicts Sir Lancelot gazing upon the Lady of Shalott in the foreground, with swans and knights of the red cross in the background. The contrast between the violence of the war and the peacefulness of the corpse of the Lady mimic the contrast between traditional masculine spheres and the feminine domestic sphere.

Curated by Nicole Bernard, Melissa Emanoilidis, Payton Flood, Mila Kulevska, and Simon Mancuso.

Associated Place(s)

Layers

Timeline of Events Associated with Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Interpretation of "The Lady of Shalott"

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood founded

Sep 1848

photo of DG RossettiIn September 1848, the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The brotherhood reacts, in part, against the use of bitumen, a transparent brown used for depicting exaggerated shadows, aiming instead to reproduce the sharp, brilliant colors found in fifteenth-century art. Image: Portrait of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: albumen print. This photograph, from 7 October 1863, was reproduced as the frontispiece of: Rossetti, William Michael, Dante Gabriel Rossetti as Designer and Writer. London: Cassell and Company, 1898.

Related Articles

Elizabeth Helsinger, “Lyric Poetry and the Event of Poems, 1870″

Lorraine Janzen Kooistra, “The Moxon Tennyson as Textual Event: 1857, Wood Engraving, and Visual Culture”

Morna O’Neill, “On Walter Crane and the Aims of Decorative Art”

Linda M. Shires, "On Color Theory, 1835: George Field’s Chromatography"

Linda M. Shires, “Color Theory—Charles Lock Eastlake’s 1840 Translation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Zur Farbenlehre (Theory of Colours)”

The Moxon Tennyson Published

1857

The Moxon Tennyson is a collection of poetry from Alfred Lord Tennyson illustrated by the Pre-Raphaelite artists Dante Gabriel Rosetti, John Millais, and William Holman Hunt (all of whom were greatly influenced by Tennyson’s work), and the Victorian artists Thomas Creswick, J.C. Horsley, William Mulready and Clarkson Stanfield

Due to the importance of illustration in the book’s popularity, it is associated with the publisher (Edward Moxon) and referred to as the Moxon Tennyson. The Moxon Tennyson is considered to have launched the golden age of wood-engraved illustration. Wood-engraved illustration was popular from the 1960s to the 1890s when photographic methods of illustrations gained traction. The illustrations in the Moxon Tennyson were woodblocks created by the Daziel brothers after the hand-drawn illustrations of mostly Pre-Raphaelite artists. There are a total of fifty-five illustrations in the Moxon, thirty of which were made by John Everett Millais, William Holman Hunt, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The remaining twenty-five illustrations were done by academic artists such as Maclise and Landseer

The genre this was published in was considered victorian poetry. It was filled with illustrations that were heavily influenced by medieval literature and culture. While these illustrations were wood carved illustrations, they were often being related to fine art rather than "the mass art of wood engraving." These influences caused readers to develop a new approach to illustrations as a whole.

The Moxon Tennyson was initially not well-received nor popular upon publication, the former due to the dissonance of the varying art-styles contained in the book, and the latter due to its high market price. Tennyson himself criticized the illustrations (particularly those by the Pre-Raphaelite artists) for not being faithful to his poetry. The manner in which the Moxon’s illustrators diverged from Tennyson’s verse, however, was greatly influential in the long-run; it set the groundwork for illustrations to be appreciated in and of themselves -- not merely as works subordinate to the texts to which they were set.

Curated by Nicole Bernard, Zeinab Fakih, and Justin Hovey.

Kooistra, Lorraine Janzen. “The Moxon Tennyson as Textual Event: 1857, Wood Engraving, and Visual Culture.” BRANCH: Britain, Representation and Nineteenth-Century History. Ed. Dino Franco Felluga. Extension of Romanticism and Victorianism on the Net. Web. 17 September 2020.

"Moxon Tennyson" published

May 1857

cover of the Moxon TennysonIn May 1857, Edward Moxon published Poems of Alfred Tennyson (aka the “Moxon Tennyson”), with wood-engraved illustrations by Pre-Raphaelite artists and others. Image: Cover, Alfred Tennyson, Poems. Illustrated. (1857). London: Moxon, 1859. Private collection, used with permission.

Articles

Lorraine Janzen Kooistra, “The Moxon Tennyson as Textual Event: 1857, Wood Engraving, and Visual Culture”

Pre-Raphaelite Art Exhibit

25 May 1857 to 25 Jun 1857

photo of DG RossettiPre-Raphaelite Art Exhibit, Russell Square, London, from 25 May to 25 June 1857. This was the first exhibition devoted solely to the work of the Pre-Raphaelites. Image: Portrait of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: albumen print. This photograph, from 7 October 1863, was reproduced as the frontispiece of: Rossetti, William Michael, Dante Gabriel Rossetti as Designer and Writer. London: Cassell and Company, 1898. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired.

Related Articles

Lorraine Janzen Kooistra, “The Moxon Tennyson as Textual Event: 1857, Wood Engraving, and Visual Culture”

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood founded

The Moxon Tennyson Published

"Moxon Tennyson" published

Pre-Raphaelite Art Exhibit

1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Dec.
March
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July

Artist: 

  • Dante Gabriel Rossetti

Image Date: 

May 1857