Jane Eyre and Charlotte Brontë

A timeline of criticism, cultural events, biographical inklings and other resources for understanding Jane Eyre as a text and a phenomenon.  

Timeline

Charlotte, as well as her sister Emily, follow their two older sisters to attend a school in Wakefield, which later prooves to be the basis for the school in Jane Eyre.


Associated Places

No places have been associated with this event

by Ajia Brooks

Going to school

circa. Summer 1824 to circa. Summer 1825

It was around this time that Charlotte and her sisters attened  Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge; which influenced in Lowood School in Jane Eyre.


Associated Places

No places have been associated with this event

by Zwe Wintzaw

The Brontes' father brought home wooden soldiers for his wife, but instead the girls began to play with them. Charlotte, Emily, and Ann took the soldiers, and wrote about an imaginary world that the soldiers were living in (Cody, The Victorian Web). This development is crucial, because it shows the early literary inspirations of the Bronte sisters, and how at a young age they were able to create fiction, whether or not they knew that is what they were doing. It's fascinating to have record of some early habits of a writer, particularly those who would be considered "the greats," if you will.

Citation:

Cody, David. “Charlotte Bronte: A Brief Biography.” Charlotte Bronte: A Brief Biography, The Victorian Web, 1987, victorianweb.org/authors/bront….

 


Associated Places

No places have been associated with this event

by Jacob Dunn

Queen Victoria Takes The Crown

20 Jun 1837 to 22 Jan 1901

At the age of 18, Queen Victoria assumes the throne.


Associated Places

No places have been associated with this event

by Olivia Tower

In 1839, Charlotte Brontë declined proposals from two clergymen, one of which was from Reverend Henry Nussey, her friend Ellen's brother. This came after Brontë had already broken one engagement.


Associated Places

No places have been associated with this event

by Anna Calabrese

After her novel, The Professor, got rebuffed she began working on Jane Eyre while nursing her father back to health.


Associated Places

No places have been associated with this event

by Ajia Brooks

Originally published under the pseudonym Currer Bell. Jane Erye was published and recieved mixed recpetion. Some praised the descriptive prose, character realism, and creativity. While other critics viewed it as an anti-authoritarian, anti-christian message. The reason behind the critism exists because Jane creates a happiness for herself without intervention from man or God. Regardless of the kind of reaction the book gives, it is important that it was able to elicit strong reactions from almost all who reviewed it, perhaps a testament to its artistic status.Jane Eyre Cover

Info Source


Associated Places

No places have been associated with this event

by Ian Carlson

Charlotte Brontë's character Bertha (Rochester's previous wife) in Jane Eyre inspires the title and content of Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar's text, The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. This piece of criticism shifted the focus of feminist literary criticism from examining representations of women in literature by men to literature by women, and was immensely popular. The Madwoman in the Attic analyzed women writing through a social and historical lense, and viewed it as a form of establishing identity. Though it is sometimes criticized as "racist and heterosexist", the influence of The Madwoman in the Attic remains far-reaching, even today. Many have argued that it has allowed for a more close consideration of gender presentations in previous canon texts, such as Milton's Paradise Lost.

Works Cited: Gezari, Janet. “Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s The Madwoman in the Attic.” Essays in Criticism: A Quarterly Journal of Literary Criticism, vol. 56, no. 3, July 2006, pp. 264–279. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1093/escrit/cgl003.

STERNLIEB, LISA. “Gilbert and Gubar’s The Madwoman in the Attic After Thirty Years.” Studies in the Novel, vol. 44, no. 1, 2012, pp. 114–116. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1353/sdn.2012.0000


Associated Places

No places have been associated with this event

by Anna Calabrese

Thus far, many scholars who read The Madwoman in the Attic viewed female "madness" as a kind of rebellion against a patriarchal system. "Madness" had also been connected to women's imaginations and written works as a way to escape the confines of social and cultural expectations, and as a way to form identity and assert oneself in one's own narrative. Yet, later scholarship suggests that this positive view of "madness" may not have been one applied to Bertha Mason by Charlotte Brontë, whose portrayal of Bertha was considered by some to be "unsympathetic". In 1985, a further attempt to cast Bertha as a sympathetic character was made by Jean Rhys, who wrote The Wide Sargasso Sea as a way of explaining the potential causes of Bertha's "madness". Scholar Elizabeth J. Donaldson posits that approaching Bertha through this lense that focuses on her mental illness rather than as a symbol of "rebellion" allows for feminist theorists to examine the presentation of women's mental health by women writers instead of confining feminist interpretations to the parameters of social rebellion. While this has merit, considering the mental health of women characters, how it reflects the attitudes and potential feelings of the author, and what these presentations say about the culture contemporary to them is still a valuable way to understand the social implications of characteristics considered "other", and how women authors may have used their mediums to combat or critique this.

Works Cited: Donaldson, Elizabeth J. “The Corpus of the Madwoman: Toward a Feminist Disability Studies Theory of Embodiment and Mental Illness.” NWSA Journal: National Women’s Studies Association Journal, vol. 14, no. 3, 2002, pp. 99–119. EBSCOhost, doi:10.2979/nws.2002.14.3.99.

 “Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s The Madwoman in the Attic.” Essays in Criticism: A Quarterly Journal of Literary Criticism, vol. 56, no. 3, July 2006, pp. 264–279. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1093/escrit/cgl003.


Associated Places

No places have been associated with this event

by Anna Calabrese

Charlotte Attends a Boarding School

Going to school

Becoming Writers and the Brontes' Imagination

Queen Victoria Takes The Crown

Charlotte Brontë Declines Proposals

Charlotte Begins Jane Eyre

Jane Erye: Published and Reviewed

"The Madwoman in the Attic" Changes Feminist Criticism

Continued Scholarship Surrounding Bertha Mason

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Chronological table

Displaying 1 - 9 of 9
Date Event Created by Associated Places
1824 to 1825

Charlotte Attends a Boarding School

Charlotte, as well as her sister Emily, follow their two older sisters to attend a school in Wakefield, which later prooves to be the basis for the school in Jane Eyre.

Ajia Brooks
circa. Summer 1824 to circa. Summer 1825

Going to school

It was around this time that Charlotte and her sisters attened  Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge; which influenced in Lowood School in Jane Eyre.

Zwe Wintzaw
1826

Becoming Writers and the Brontes' Imagination

The Brontes' father brought home wooden soldiers for his wife, but instead the girls began to play with them. Charlotte, Emily, and Ann took the soldiers, and wrote about an imaginary world that the soldiers were living in (Cody, The Victorian Web). This development is crucial, because it shows the early literary inspirations of the Bronte sisters, and how at a young age they were able to create fiction, whether or not they knew that is what they were doing. It's fascinating to have record of some early habits of a writer, particularly those who would be considered "the greats," if you will.

Citation:

Cody, David. “Charlotte Bronte: A Brief Biography.” Charlotte Bronte: A Brief Biography, The Victorian Web, 1987, https://victorianweb.org/authors/bronte/cbronte/brontbio.html.

 

Jacob Dunn
20 Jun 1837 to 22 Jan 1901

Queen Victoria Takes The Crown

At the age of 18, Queen Victoria assumes the throne.

Olivia Tower
1839

Charlotte Brontë Declines Proposals

In 1839, Charlotte Brontë declined proposals from two clergymen, one of which was from Reverend Henry Nussey, her friend Ellen's brother. This came after Brontë had already broken one engagement.

Anna Calabrese
1846

Charlotte Begins Jane Eyre

After her novel, The Professor, got rebuffed she began working on Jane Eyre while nursing her father back to health.

Ajia Brooks
16 Oct 1847

Jane Erye: Published and Reviewed

Originally published under the pseudonym Currer Bell. Jane Erye was published and recieved mixed recpetion. Some praised the descriptive prose, character realism, and creativity. While other critics viewed it as an anti-authoritarian, anti-christian message. The reason behind the critism exists because Jane creates a happiness for herself without intervention from man or God. Regardless of the kind of reaction the book gives, it is important that it was able to elicit strong reactions from almost all who reviewed it, perhaps a testament to its artistic status.Jane Eyre Cover

Info Source

Ian Carlson
1979

"The Madwoman in the Attic" Changes Feminist Criticism

Charlotte Brontë's character Bertha (Rochester's previous wife) in Jane Eyre inspires the title and content of Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar's text, The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. This piece of criticism shifted the focus of feminist literary criticism from examining representations of women in literature by men to literature by women, and was immensely popular. The Madwoman in the Attic analyzed women writing through a social and historical lense, and viewed it as a form of establishing identity. Though it is sometimes criticized as "racist and heterosexist", the influence of The Madwoman in the Attic remains far-reaching, even today. Many have argued that it has allowed for a more close consideration of gender presentations in previous canon texts, such as Milton's Paradise Lost.

Works Cited: Gezari, Janet. “Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s The Madwoman in the Attic.” Essays in Criticism: A Quarterly Journal of Literary Criticism, vol. 56, no. 3, July 2006, pp. 264–279. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1093/escrit/cgl003.

STERNLIEB, LISA. “Gilbert and Gubar’s The Madwoman in the Attic After Thirty Years.” Studies in the Novel, vol. 44, no. 1, 2012, pp. 114–116. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1353/sdn.2012.0000

Anna Calabrese
1985

Continued Scholarship Surrounding Bertha Mason

Thus far, many scholars who read The Madwoman in the Attic viewed female "madness" as a kind of rebellion against a patriarchal system. "Madness" had also been connected to women's imaginations and written works as a way to escape the confines of social and cultural expectations, and as a way to form identity and assert oneself in one's own narrative. Yet, later scholarship suggests that this positive view of "madness" may not have been one applied to Bertha Mason by Charlotte Brontë, whose portrayal of Bertha was considered by some to be "unsympathetic". In 1985, a further attempt to cast Bertha as a sympathetic character was made by Jean Rhys, who wrote The Wide Sargasso Sea as a way of explaining the potential causes of Bertha's "madness". Scholar Elizabeth J. Donaldson posits that approaching Bertha through this lense that focuses on her mental illness rather than as a symbol of "rebellion" allows for feminist theorists to examine the presentation of women's mental health by women writers instead of confining feminist interpretations to the parameters of social rebellion. While this has merit, considering the mental health of women characters, how it reflects the attitudes and potential feelings of the author, and what these presentations say about the culture contemporary to them is still a valuable way to understand the social implications of characteristics considered "other", and how women authors may have used their mediums to combat or critique this.

Works Cited: Donaldson, Elizabeth J. “The Corpus of the Madwoman: Toward a Feminist Disability Studies Theory of Embodiment and Mental Illness.” NWSA Journal: National Women’s Studies Association Journal, vol. 14, no. 3, 2002, pp. 99–119. EBSCOhost, doi:10.2979/nws.2002.14.3.99.

 “Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar’s The Madwoman in the Attic.” Essays in Criticism: A Quarterly Journal of Literary Criticism, vol. 56, no. 3, July 2006, pp. 264–279. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1093/escrit/cgl003.

Anna Calabrese