More's "The Sorrows of Yamba"/ A Negro Woman's Lamentation
Poem pages 4 and 5

Description: 

The pages above are parts of the poem The Sorrows of Yamba or A Negro's Woman's Lamentation by English religious writer and poet, Hannah More. Published on 1795, it was regarded as one of the "most popular and frequently reprinted anti-slavery poems of its time" and historians believed it surpassed her previous work Cheap Repository Tacts. In summary, it tells the story of a woman who was abducted from her family and home in 'Afric's Golden Coast' (essentially Africa) and sold as a slave. She accepts the death of her child during the sea voyage as a blessing and says, "Thee, sweet infant, none shall tell." Readers take this to mean that she is not making her child go through the humiliating process of being purchased and sold to complete strangers. Her life was still brutal and painful when she decided that enough was enough and that she would flee to the sea and drown herself; evidenced by the poem: "Death itself I long'd to taste." When she encounters a missionary at the shore, things, however, take a different turn. In addition, he converts her to Christianity, instructing her in forgiving her masters as well. The poems conclude with the woman's expressing desire for the missionaries to travel to her country in order to bring her husband and teach him about Christ's teachings.

Again, though it's popular, that doesn't mean it didn't had any controversies. Historians made an analysis and suspected that the poem is originally written by an Scottish laird named Eaglesfield Smith. They made a comparison while noting some contrasting elements: both poems abhorred the British's involvement with slavery as they viewed it as shame to their kind, but there is a psuedo-dialect and grammatical mistakes made by More as to distance her native readers, since the protagonist is from a different country. As for Smith, he made his writing very emotional and tragic, giving her relatable traits - pointing out similarities between the protagonist and the readers. To end the comparison there is no missionary nor conversion part. It is unclear which tells the tale more accurately, but it is clear that they both have one common goal and view: slavery is immoral to all of Great Britain.

Associated Place(s)

Layers

Timeline of Events Associated with More's "The Sorrows of Yamba"/ A Negro Woman's Lamentation

Henry Austen joins Oxfordshire Militia

1792 to 1801

Henry Thomas Austen was the brother of the novelist Jane Austen. He received his education from his father and studied St. John's College. In 1792 he received his bachelor's degree and was going to become a deacon, but in 1793, his plans were dismissed as war occured between England and France. Henry decided to join the Oxfordshire Milita, where they would protect the English Channel from the French Invasion. In 1795, he served under Lieteneant Cornwallis to protect Ireleand from the French, he was able to make connections with the rich and powerful figures which helped him out as he was appointed paymaster, an officer whose duty is to pay wages. His position as paymaster lasted until 1801.

“Henry Thomas Austen.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 July. 2022,

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Th…

The flirtation of Austen and Lefroy

1795 to 1796

Thomas Lefroy was the Irish nephew of a family friend, Lefroy attracted Austen's attention when she met him in 1795. She attended parties with him and bragged to her sister Cassandra that they danced and visited several balls. Then in Januray 1796, she wrote to her sister that she will refuse him unless he promises to give away the white coat. It's never clear if the offer was either a dance or even a marriage proposal. Either way, Lefroy moved back to Ireland to become it's most senior judge. Jane Austen was never married in the long run.

Erin Blakemore. “Why Jane Austen Never Married.” History.com, 18 Dec. 2017, 

www.history.com/news/why-jane-…

Jane Austen Writes "Elinor and Marianne"

1795 to 1797

According to "Jane Austen and Her Time: A Brief Chronology" in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice edited by Robert P. Irvine, "Jane Austen writes 'Elinor and Marianne' in 1795" (33).

John Keats' Life

31 Oct 1795 to 23 Feb 1821

John Keats was born in Moorgate London, England on October 31, 1795. He became fully dedicted to writing poetry in 1817, and wrote When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be in January of 1818. And on February 23, 1821, John Keats passed away in Rome, Italy.

 

Sources:

www.britannica.com/biography/J…

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kea…

erling.yoga/john-keats-isle-of…

www.christies.com/features/Jos…

Henry Austen joins Oxfordshire Militia

The flirtation of Austen and Lefroy

Jane Austen Writes "Elinor and Marianne"

John Keats' Life

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Artist Unknown

Image Date: 

circa. 1790s