Turkish Fairy and Folk Tales
Turkish Fairy Tales Cover
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Description: 

Turkish Fairy Tales and Folk Tales
collected by Dr. Ignácz Kunos, translated from Hungarian by R. Nisbet Bain, illustrated by Celia Levetus
(Lawrence & Bullen, 1901) 

Celia Levetus created nine illustrations for Turkish Fairy Tales and Folk Tales, a collection of spoken tales recorded from Hungarian and Romanian peasants by the historian Dr. Ignácz Kúnos in Anatolia, Turkey. Originally published in 1889 with an introduction by the Hungarian Professor Ármin Vámbery, this edition is an English translation by the historian and translator, Robert Nisbet Bain, published in 1901. Both Levetus’s illustrations and the book as a whole reflect Western Europe’s increasing appetite for the orient, aestheticism, and the pleasures of art and literature in general.

Vámbery’s and Nisbet Bain’s objectives in preserving oriental traditions before their disappearance in the wake of Western civilization were partly shared by Western artists who travelled to the Middle East to depict what they regarded as indigenous ‘treasures’. Pre-Raphaelite artists including Holman Hunt travelled to the East and painted detailed scenes of Middle Eastern everyday life. By depicting atmospheric cities and landscapes, and the ornamental interiors of mosques and palaces, they sought to communicate their beauty and help to cement their place in history. Levetus’s illustrations perform a similar function.

The final image is the artist's original as submitted to the press for publication, appearing here with the generous permission of the artist's family.

Caption by Eden Challenger

Associated Place(s)

Layers

Timeline of Events Associated with Turkish Fairy and Folk Tales

Birmingham School of Art

1885

The Birmingham School of Art, England's first Municipal School of Art, opened in 1885 in a Victorian Gothic building designed by John Henry Chamberlain.  Under the guidance of founding Director of Edward R. Taylor, it became an important site of Arts and Crafts design.

A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes

1895

S. Baring-Gould (ed.), illustrated by members of the Birmingham Art School under the direction of A. J. Gaskin

A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes

(Methuen, 1895)

 

Arthur Gaskin, an instructor at the Birmingham School of Art, oversaw publications that drew on the talents of his students.  Celia Levetus’s ‘Goosey, Goosey, Gander’ is typical of the Birmingham School, while ‘Little Jack Horner’ reflects the new ‘Decadent’ style, influenced by artists such as Aubrey Beardsley.

 

 

The Cinder Youth

circa. 1896

Celia Levetus
The Cinder Youth
Pen and ink, around 1896

In this pen and ink study for Turkish Fairy Tales, Levetus demonstrates her adept use of 'saturated' black. While the flattened space recalls the Pre-Raphaelites, Levetus has also been influenced by the 'Aesthetic' and 'Decadent' movements, particularly the stark, dramatic use of black in Aubrey Beardsley's illustrations.

Verse Fancies

1897

Poems by Edward Levetus, illustrations by Celia Levetus

Verse Fancies

(Chapman & Hall, 1899)

 

This collection was created by the brother and sister duo, Edward and Celia Levetus.  ‘Love in Ambush’ depicts a typically English scene, with luscious rose bushes and dense foliage in the background.  The peacock adds a contemporary twist – peacocks often appear in the work of ‘Aesthetic’ artists such as Aubrey Beardsley. 

 

 

History of the Horn-Book, Volume II

1897

Andrew White Tuer

History of the Horn-Book, Volume II

(Leadenhall Press, 1897)

 

This richly illustrated volume contains a space for storing ‘horn books’.  These educational tools had been used to teach reading from mediaeval times. The striking purple ‘battledore’ horn book, embossed in gold on its highly-coloured back, features a comical poem bordering the main content. The illustrators include Birmingham School artists Georgie Cave France (later Gaskin), C. M. Gere and Celia Levetus, whose image ‘Taskmistress’ won an award.

 

Songs of Innocence

1899

William Blake, with designs by Celia Levetus (Wells, Gardner, Darton & Co., 1899)

Songs of Innocence

 

The ‘Songs of Innocence’ were first published in 1789, with Blake’s own dark and sinister etchings.  In this tiny edition, Celia Levetus provides a new, and gentler, set of illustrations.  Blake’s nineteen original poems are spread over 118 mini-pages.

 

Celia Levetus (1874-1936) attended the Birmingham School of Art in the 1890s and rapidly gained a reputation as one of its most prolific artists. 

 

Songs of Experience

1902

William Blake, with designs by Celia Levetus

Songs of Experience

(Nutt, 1902)

 

In contrast to her work in Blake’s ‘Songs of Innocence’, here Levetus introduces a more unsettling and menacing undertone, echoing the uneasiness in the poems (first published in 1794).  Bare, spindly branches wrap around the image, creating a claustrophobic atmosphere.  The snake, a symbol of Satan, looms threateningly on the left, while the winged woman to the right seems to be protecting the two frightened children at her feet.

 

Birmingham School of Art

A Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes

The Cinder Youth

Verse Fancies

History of the Horn-Book, Volume II

Songs of Innocence

Songs of Experience

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Artist: 

  • Celia Levetus

Image Date: 

1901