Third Crusade, led by Frederick I Barbarossa, Richard I (Lionheart of England), and Philip II of France. On June 1190, Frederick drowns. The crusade is not successful in its main goal of capturing Jerusalem. This failure led to the Fourth Crusade six years later. Image: Bust of Friedrich I., "Barbarossa", gilded bronze, ca. 1160 (image by Montecappio). This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.