Ivan the Terrible, actually born Ivan IV Vasilyevich, was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 until his death.  Historical records note that Ivan was extremely intelligent, but had mental illnesses and a very short temper. Ivan was able to change the state from a medieval state to an empire and emerging regional power, and then to be crowned the first Tsar of Russia. Additionally, Ivan was a patron of arts and trade and even founded Russia's first publishing house, Moscow Print Yard. Ivan got his nickname because of his bloodthirsty habits and cruel personality.