Church Lane, which ran between High Street and New Oxford Street in Holborn, was a notorious slum in the mid-nineteenth century. In 1877, John Thomson wrote in his Victorian London Street Life in Historic Photos that most houses on either side of Church Lane had been cleared.
In mid-October 1883, The Bitter Cry of Outcast London: An Inquiry into the Condition of the Abject Poor, a twenty-page penny pamphlet detailing the housing conditions of the poor in South London, was published to extraordinary critical attention. The pamphlet generated political, journalistic, and layperson commentary alike, and culminated in the 1884 Royal Commission on the Housing of the Working Classes and the pivotal Housing Act that followed. Image: Poverty map of Old Nichol slum. This image is in the public domain in the United States as its copyright has expired.