The Big Ben, formally known as the Elizabeth Tower, is a clock tower that presides in London, England that was built September 28^th, 1843 (“Big Ben”). While many are unsure of how this structure got its name (some believe it was named after a boxer called Benjamin Caunt, while others believe it was named after a civil engineer called Sir Benjamin Hall), what is noticed is the sheer size of the tower; coming in at a staggering 15.1 tons (“Big Ben”).

In Dicken's A Christmas Carol, it is mentioned in the first stave that Marley is buried in St. Paul's Churchyard; "And even Scrooge was not so dreadfully cut up by the sad event, but that he was an excellent man of business on the very day of the funeral, and solemnised it with an undoubted bargain" (Dickens, Satve 1). This location is mentioned in many pieces of literature and poetry as it is a popular Marketplace, especially for foreign book trades.

During the Victorian Era, British engineer Sir William Cubitt designed the “treadmill” to implement into prisons. The device was constructed of wooden steps around a cylindrical frame; the punishment could handle up to forty convicts at one time. The treadmill would rotate causing the convicts to step along a series of planks. Occasionally the power from these devices would be used to grind corn or pump water; however, sometimes the treadmill was strictly used for no purpose other than punishment.