Belgium is a small country in western Europe, bordered by the Netherlands, France, Germany, and Luxembourg. Its capital is Brussels, which is also the capital of the European Union. Belgium has a long history of conflict between France, Britain, and Germany and is sometimes called the “Battlefield of Europe.” Belgium possessed numerous colonies in Africa in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Belgium also has a rich history of art boasting the works of Jan van Eyck, Peter Paul Rubens, René Magritte, and Adolphe Sax—who invented the saxophone.