Normandy is a region of northwestern France, linked to the historical region of the Duchy of Normandy. It comprises the port cities of Honfleur and Le Havre and the cathedral city of Rouen. From the Norman Conquest onwards, the region was disputed by France and England several times. The D-Day Landings in 1944, which marked the beginning of the Allied counter-offensive in the Second World War, took place on the coast of Normandy.