Place de la Concorde

Situated at the end of Champs-Elysées in Paris, Place de la Concorde is a townsquare with a bloody history. The title directly translates to Peace and Harmony, and was built in 1757. The square was originally given the name ‘Place de Louis XV’. During the French Revolution, a bloody war, the square changed dramtically. In 1792, the statue at the center was destroyed and and the square was renamed, Place de la Revolution (Revolution Square). During this revolution, the guillotine -- an instrument used to behead people -- was placed in the square, and Place de la Revolution soon turned into a bloodstained stage for all the world to witness as this revolution descended in anarchy. The people of the revolution executed more than 1200 people in Place de la Revolution, with each executuion surrounded by cheering crowds.

Notable beheadings were King Louis XVI, his wife, Marie Antoinette, and their own leader of the revolution, Maximilien. This brief, terrible period (called the Reign of Terror) came to an end in 1795, and the square was renamed Peace and Harmony in an attempt to make peace with it's history. Today, we see the Place de la Concorde as one of the most notable instinces of "villianization." Monarchs and rulers were subject to the media, and stories were spread. Whether false or true, each leader was swept up into a flurry of anger by the people, and days later, would find themselves at the guillotine. This square acted as the breeding ground for speculation and anger, creating the "witch hunt" of the Romantic period.

A notable example of this is Marie Antoinette's final words before the guillotine. We learn today that she offensively cried out, "let them eat cake!" when in reality, she accidentally trod on the executioner's foot. She whispered, “Pardon me sir, I didn't mean to.” These were her final words. This issue of fake news is an issue we see today, and has spread throughout history. 

While the Romantic period is famous for free-thinking and new ways of writing and seeing the world, there remains bloodshed in it's wake. This period is to appluaded, but it is important to remember that the French Revolution, and the Place de la Revolution act as the first chapter in this age. Free-thinking comes with change. Whether or not the French Revolution achieved the change they yearned for, the revolution can be attributed as the event that opened the door towards such thinking. 

Citation
Munro Price, The Fall of the French Monarchy: Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette and the baron de Breteuil, London, 2002
Thomas, Chantal. The Wicked Queen: The Origins of the Myth of Marie Antoinette. Translated by Julie Rose. New York: Zone Books, 2001, p. 51.

Coordinates

Latitude: 48.865633100000
Longitude: 2.321235700000

Timeline of Events Associated with Place de la Concorde

Date Event Manage
5 May 1789 to 10 Nov 1799

French Revolution

Representation of the Declaration of the Rights of ManThe French Revolution occurred from 5 May 1789 to 9-10 November 1799. Image: Jean-Jacques-François Le Barbier, Representation of The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 26 August 1789 (c. 1789). This work is in the public domain in the United States.

On 5 May 1789, the Estates-General, representing the nobility, the clergy, and the common people, held a meeting at the request of the King to address France’s financial difficulties. At this meeting, the Third Estate (the commoners) protested the merely symbolic double representation that they had been granted by the King. This protest resulted in a fracture among the three estates and precipitated the French Revolution. On 17 June, members of the Third Estate designated themselves the National Assembly and claimed to represent the people of the nation, thus preparing the way for the foundation of the republic. Several pivotal events followed in quick succession: the storming of the Bastille (14 July), the approval of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (26 August), and the march on Versailles that led to the enforced relocation of the royal family to Paris (5-6 October). These revolutionary acts fired the imagination of many regarding the political future of France, and, indeed, all of Europe. The republican period of the revolution continued in various phases until 9-10 November 1799 when Napoleon Bonaparte supplanted the government.

Articles

Diane Piccitto, "On 1793 and the Aftermath of the French Revolution"

21 Jan 1793

Execution of King Louis XVI

On January 21, 1793, King Louis XVI of France was executed. Image: Isidore-Stanislas Helman, The Death of King Louis (1794), Bibliothèque nationale de France. This work is in the public domain in the United States.

1793 was a key juncture in the revolution, beginning with this execution on 21 January. The increasing violence prompted Britain to cut its ties to France, leading to declarations of war by the two countries. Violence peaked during the Reign of Terror (5 September 1793 – 27 July 1794), which resulted in the execution of the Queen (16 October) as well as of many suspects of treason and members of the Girondins, the more moderate faction that the radical Jacobins brought down on 2 June 1793

Articles

Diane Piccitto, "On 1793 and the Aftermath of the French Revolution"

5 Sep 1793 to 27 Jul 1794

Reign of Terror

Portrait of RobespierreA period of violence that occurred a few years after the start of the French Revolution. Image: Anonymous, Portrait of Maximilien de Robespierre (c. 1790), Carnavalet Museum. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired.

On 5 September 1793, the National Convention, France’s ruling body from 1793 to 1795, officially put into effect terror measures in order to subdue opposition to and punish insufficient support for the revolution and the new regime. From the autumn of 1793 until the summer of 1794, thousands of people across the country were imprisoned and executed (including the Queen) under the ruthless leadership of Maximilien Robespierre. The guillotine, particularly the one in Paris’s Place de la Révolution, served as the bloody emblem of the fear tactics that began to manifest themselves first in the formation of the Committee of Public Safety (6 April 1793) and subsequently in the implementation of the Law of Suspects (17 September 1793). The Terror ended on 27 July 1794 with the overthrow of Robespierre, who was guillotined the next day.

Articles

Diane Piccitto, "On 1793 and the Aftermath of the French Revolution"