The Elementary Education Act of 1870
The Elementary Education Act of 1870 was introduced to Parliament by William E. Forester and was the first piece of legislation that protected and enforced education as a universal priority for children between the ages of 5 and 12. This Act was formed out of increased pressure and desire for schooling in more rural areas, as well as a campaign from the National Education League that demanded free, non-denominational, required education for all children in England and Wales. The Elementary Education Act also established “school boards”, which were elected positions to be filled and run by locals. These boards essentially became the managers of these institutions (and potentially others nearby if needed), and utilized community funds to upkeep the school and this new Act. This particular iteration of the law did not require all children to attend school, however, it did set up a structure in case this changed. Education became both valued nationalistically and simultaneously feared- it was viewed as a tool that could further progress England/Wales in terms of youth and industry, however, it also signified the progression of the lower classes, which was viewed as threatening to some. Religion was a large point of contention in passing this act, as some believed education and religion should be kept separate and others did not.