In western culture, snakes often have negative connotations, most famously serving as a symbol of evil, stemming from Christianity’s use of the animal as a form of the devil.  Many times, they are associated with both good and evil, as well as fertility and life (Serpent Symbolism).  As mentioned in Mofolo’s novel, snakes are revered in South African cultures, so much so that the killing of a snake brings shame because they are believed to be messengers sent by their ancestors (Mofolo 2). 

There are numerous folk tales and superstitions about animals, and there are many beliefs about snakes, one of them being that the appearance of a snake at the time of a traditional ceremony is a sign of content ancestors.  In Zulu tradition, eating raw snake liver acts as a protective charm.  Snakes are also considered immortal, potentially because of their ability to shed their skin (Makhubo). 

Mofolo also highlights that, because of the importance of the snakes in Kafirland, they are a prominent part of medicine in the area.  Snakes are also important to Zulu warriors, so it provides context to why the symbol would be mentioned so early and so heavily in Chaka’s story.  He encounters a sea snake early in the story, which is frightening because, while snakes in his culture could represent pleased ancestors, they can also be a sign that they are displeased, and one must beg for mercy from the spirits that had been angered (Mofolo 3). 

Works Cited

Makhubo, Buyisile. "Myths and Superstitions about Reptiles and Amphibians." National Museum Publications, 30 Nov. 2017, nationalmuseumpublications.co.za/myths-and-superstitions-about-reptiles-and-amphibians/. Accessed 13 Apr. 2023.

Mofolo, Thomas. Chaka An Historical Romance. Translated by F. H. Dutton, 1931.

"Snake Symbolism." Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpent_symbolism#. Accessed 13 Apr. 2023.