Defeat of Lombard kingdom by Charles I, King of the Franks (more commonly known as Charlemagne) in the year 774.  The Franks divided the Lombard kingdom with the Pope at Rome, thus creating the Papal States. Image: Charlemagne (left) and his eldest son, Pepin the Hunchback. Tenth-century copy of a lost original from about 830. This work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 100 years or less.