Bolshevik Russia referred to Russia when the Bolsheviks were in power. The Bolsheviks were a revolutionary Marxist political group founded by Vladimir Lennon, who took power during the October Revolution in November 1917. They became the only ruling political party in Soviet Russia. The period that Bolshevik Russia ended could be marked in 1952 when the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was created and became the ruling party. Bolshevik Russia is referenced once in The Remains of the Day:
"One had to be guided by the judgment of 'the true ladies and gentlemen, argued the Society, or else 'we may as well adopt the proprieties of Bolshevik Russia'"
The quote here refers to a statement from the Hayes Society, a highly exclusive society that assigns labels of greatness to butlers.