In Jane Eyre, most of the places are fictional. The novel is supposed to be set in Northern England of the time period. There are assumptions and maps (attached) of where these locations are supposed to be, which I will be using to pin locations on this map.
The novel starts with Jane in Gateshead, where she lives with her aunt and cousins. The start of the novel is very dark and has gothic themes where Jane is tormented and bullied by her family. Before she leaves to go to boarding school at her next location, she has an outburst at her aunt and says the following
"I am glad you are no relation of mine; I will never call you aunt again as long as I live; I will never come to see you when I am grown up; and if any one asks me how I like you, and how you treated me, I will say the very thought of you makes me sick, and that you treated me with miserable cruelty.” (Bronte)
She then is off to her next location, Lowood School.
Map I will be using
A picture of what Gateshead is thought to have been inspired by. It is not described often in the novel.