The Publication of Reil's Theories Regarding Psychiatry and The Psychology of Bertha Mason in Jane Eyre

          Johann Christian Reil, a German psychologist, helped to make a distinction between philosophy and psychology by giving credence to the field of psychology at the time. He is often credited with coining the term "psychiatry" (Schochow, Steger). Psychiatry, in it's most basic interpretation, is essentially treating the mind as something that can be rehabilitated. This would mean that different conditions could be applied to the state of mind that somebody is in, and an intervention process could exist depending on the circumstances. "Thus, Reil spoke of “madmen” as sick people who required medical care, vehemently advocated the introduction of public insane asylums as well as the humane treatment of the “mentally ill..." (Schochow, Steger). Instead of just labelling individuals and assuming that they cannot be "fixed," Reil believed that nearly all conditions of the mind had not only a source of the issue, but a fix for the problem. 

         1803 was a critical year for advancements in psychological treatment, as Reil advocated for institutionalization. "...he published his Rhapsodieen über die Anwendung der psychischen Curmethode auf Geisteszerrüttungen (Rhapsodies About Applying the Methods of Treatment to Disorganized Spirits). It included poems, songs, and prose, in which Reil called for the establishment of public asylums" (Schochow, Steger). The advocation for public asylums and spreading the term "psychiatry" is useful in the interpretation of Jane Eyre, particularly when focusing on the treatment of Bertha Mason and the state of mind of Helen Burns and Jane Eyre early in the novel. 

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Date Event Created by Associated Places
The end of the month Winter 1759 to The end of the month Winter 1759

Johann Christian Reil is Born

Reil was born on Februar 20, 1759 (Bahşi, İlhan, et al.). His birth comes nearly 100 years before the publication of Jane Eyre

Citation:

Bahşi, İlhan, et al. “Johann Christian Reil (1759–1813) Who First Described the Insula.” Child's Nervous System, 28 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-020-04686-4.

Jacob Dunn
1803 to 1803

Johann Christian Reil publishes "Rhapsodies About Applying the Methods of Treatment to Disorganized Spirits"

Reil publishes essays that not only creates the umbrella of "psychiatry," which mental illnesses fall under, but it also advocated for asylums for the mentally ill, and a more ethical treatment of people who are suffering from a mental illness (Schochow & Steger). This essentially establishes the human mind as something to be studied scientfically, rather than existing in the abstract. 

Citation:

Schochow, Maximilian, and Florian Steger. “Johann Christian Reil (1759–1813): Pioneer of Psychiatry, City Physician, and Advocate of Public Medical Care.” American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 171, no. 4, 1 Apr. 2014, pp. 403–403., https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13081151.

Jacob Dunn