1. a. mention of Edith's honeymoon to Scotland b. Mr. Lennox explaining the beautfy of Margaret after being in Scotland in ch. 49
c. the use of a "Scoth-word" (purpose-like) and universities
2. The first thing I will mention is that the Lennox family is from Scotland. The clan Lennox was actually one of the first clans to settle in Scotland. It's no surprise that Gaskell includes other countries in this novel. She herself traveled to many places, including Scotland. Another way of looking at this is that Gaskell was showing that England was not the center of everything... there was so much more outside of England.
3. I like that in this book, England does not seem like the center of everything. In many books, you can cleary see the author's bias to there country, also like evidence of ethnocentrism. Gaskell definitely shows off her cultural relativism in this book.
4. Citations
Brasure, Trudy. "All the World in Gaskell's "North and South"." More Than Thornton, Squarespace, www.morethanthornton.com/blog/2019/5/22/all-the-world-in-gaskells-north-...
Google, "Scotland Road ca. 1950," Pinterest