Northern England's manufacturing hubs, particularly Manchester, Birmingham, and Leeds, were the starting points of the Industrial Revolution. The availability of consumer goods rose significantly as a result of these places becoming the center of factory activity. A completely new consumer economy built on mass production and inexpensive commodities was established by the transition from handmade to machine-made goods. Romantic writers like William Blake and William Wordsworth responded to the growth of industry by criticizing how materialism and mechanical labor endangered nature and human creativity. This economic shift had an impact on British literature.
