"The Wasco bands on the Columbia River were the eastern-most group of Chinookan-speaking Indians. Although they were principally fishermen, their frequent contact with other Indians throughout the region provided for abundant trade. Roots and beads were available from other Chinookan bands such as the Clackamas. Game, clothing and horses came from trade with Sahaptin bands such as the neighboring Warm Springs and the more distant Nez Perce. In exchange for these goods, the Wasco traded root bread, salmon meal, and bear grass.
The Warm Springs bands who lived along the Columbia’s tributaries spoke Sahaptin. Unlike the Wascoes, the Warm Springs bands moved between winter and summer villages, and depended more on game, roots and berries. However, salmon was also an important staple for the Warm Springs bands and, like the Wascoes, they built elaborate scaffolding over waterfalls which allowed them to harvest fish with long-handled dip nets. Contact between the Warm Springs bands and the Wascoes was frequent, and, although they spoke different languages and observed different customs, they could converse and traded heavily." https://warmsprings-nsn.gov/history/
"I am compelled to continue my family's legacy, to demonstrate an abdurate sensitivity to the natural world. This sense of place is an instruction that upholds an honorable way of life. I am active in my art, by giving story, by observing and listening. My grandmother used to tell me, 'If you can make something, you will never be poor.' The makings of my great-grandmothers, our heirlooms, depicted deer, trees, birds, flowers, and dreams. My grandfather told of his parents' hard work, attaching a message from them to live by right action, to become proficient in our language, to prsoper, share, and respect all life in my thoughts. My parents, aunties, and uncles have reinforced this, especially the need to nurture land through love." - Elizabeth Woody
Poem - The Girlfriends (page 103)