Victorian Illustrated Books (ENG910 F2020) Dashboard

Description

Students in Lorraine Janzen Kooistra's English Capstone Seminar at Ryerson University in Toronto in F2020 aim to make a virtue of pandemic necessity by engaging collaboratively and critically with the digital surrogates of a wide variety of Victorian illustrated books published between 1843 and 1899.

Using the interpretive model of image/text/context for both synchronic and diachronic analyses, and drawing on a range of digital tools, this course aims to understand the past through the present and the present through the past.

Our study begins with Charles Dickens's iconic Christmas Carol: A Ghost Story of Christmas, illustrated by John Leech (1843), then turns to two examples of poetry and illustration: Alfred Tennyson's "The Lady of Shalott," illustrated by Pre-Raphaelite artists William Holman Hunt and Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1857); and Christina Rossetti's "Goblin Market," illustrated by her brother, Dante Gabriel (1862). These mid-century works will provide the foundation for our study of the illustrated books that proliferated at the end of the century. We'll analyze a variety of fin-de-siècle genres and styles, starting with Arthur Conan Doyle's popular detective stories, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, illustrated by Sydney Paget (1892). Next up is Salome: A Tragedy in One Act, Oscar Wilde's censored play based on a biblical story, which was infamously "embroidered" by decadent artist Aubrey Beardsley (1894). Fairy tales and fantasies aimed at adult audiences allowed counter-cultural writers and artists to protest existing norms and imagine other worlds; our examples are Laurence Housman's self-illustrated collection, The House of Joy (1895) and Clemence Housman's gothic novella The Were-Wolf, with wood-engraved illustrations by the author after her brother Laurence's designs (1896). The Annancy Stories, a self-illustrated collection of folktales by Pamela Colman Smith, is the first-known publication featuring this Jamaican trickster figure (1899). Students examine the final work, A Christmas Carol: The Graphic Novel (2019), for evidence of the legacy of Victorian illustrated books today.

The following texts are available in COVE (see D2L for the other digital surrogates):

Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol: A Ghost Story of Christmas (1843): A COVE Studio Text for class annotation

Clemence Housman, The Were-Wolf (1896): A COVE Annotated Edition 

Christina G. Rossetti, Goblin Market (1862): A COVE Annotated Edition 

Alfred Tennyson: The Lady of Shalott (1857):  A COVE Studio text for class annotation

Victorian illustrated books resulted from the collaboration of a number of social agents, including authors, artists, engravers, editors, publishers, and readers. Using the COVE toolset, students and instructor work collaboratively to build resources that critically curate Victorian illustrated books in cultural contexts ranging from the nineteenth century to the present. 

We will use the COVE annotation tool to hone our close reading and editorial skills. In COVE Studio, each student will provide TWO TEXTUAL ANNOTATIONS, one on "content," one on "craft," for Dickens's A Christmas Carol and Tennyson's "The Lady of Shalott."

We will use the Gallery Image tool to provide bibliographic and contextual information and iconographic commentary and analysis on illustrations, and to associate these with events in the Timeline and places in the Map.

We will use the Gallery Exhibition tool to critically curate illustrated books in cultural contexts, situating works synchronically, within their originating moment of production and reception, and diachronically, in terms of their ongoing moments of production and reception. 

We will use the COVE Timeline tool to provide information about historical events relevant to Victorian illustrated books, both at the time of their first publication, and in their ongoing re-production over time and across media.

We will use the COVE Map tool to associate places relevant to illustrated books and their makers and the cultural contexts that we showcase in the Gallery and on the Timeline. 

Galleries, Timelines, and Maps

Blog entry
Posted by Mila Kulevska on Thursday, October 8, 2020 - 17:55

In general, I would say that the curation process was much more difficult than I anticipated in order to fill out the information needed for the Rossetti exhibit. Maybe it was because my group was curating the more modern adaptations, which I would think would be easier, but there was a significant lack of resources online. As I was specifically curating the work of Lauren Wright Douglas, this may have been because Naiad Press was no longer still a publishing company which definitely contributes to the lack of information online. The PDF document was definitely the most helpful for bridging any gaps in what I needed to find for illustration or publishers, because the rest of the time it felt like I was scouring the internet for any scraps. 

The diachronic model of looking at this poem was very enlightening for examining how the nature of the work changed over time, demonstrating how Rossetti’s sensuous...

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Posted by Kisha Rendon on Thursday, October 8, 2020 - 16:31

Every time Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Market comes up in discussion, I typically feel that I have a good understanding of what kind of conversation will follow after. In today’s class however, my group focused on the contemporary renditions of the poem, which led my research to Polly Pen and Peggy Harmon’s theatre adaptation of the same name, Goblin Market. The most impactful thing I realized about theatre in my research is that the interpretation of a production is highly dependent on the time and place of the performance. Pen and Harmon’s production for example, opened 1985 off-Broadway in New York City during the height of the AIDs pandemic. Pen described the ideology of the play through a contemporary lens, bringing forward a modern perspective on the context of Rossetti’s...

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Posted by Zeinab Fakih on Thursday, October 8, 2020 - 16:22

This was an interesting class. It was fun to see how Goblin Market was reprinted and redesigned to fit so many formats and appeal to such various audiences. I've read this poem in a previous class before and would not have expected it to be curated in a way to appeal to children. The fact that this story was redesigned through the years to go from something for children to read to being a part of Playboy is such an interesting and unexpected concept. With a few changes of the images, even if the text was printed in full and remained unchanged, this poem was now an appropriate children's tale. This was something I did not expect since the poem is so explicit and does have a lot of erotic references in the words. It was cool to look at how big an influence on the story these illustrations hold to how this poem is recieved. As well, I've also explored the exhibit that was presented to us today in previous courses but it was fun to look exclusively at this one piece by Rosetti...

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Blog entry
Posted by Fahimah Hamidavi on Thursday, October 8, 2020 - 15:12

Analyzing the various different illustrations in different printings of Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Market was really interesting this week. I won’t lie, I’ve read Goblin Market in the past, and it was not one of my favourite works, but looking at so many different versions of the poem with incredibly different artwork really enhanced my understanding of the poem and helped me see it in a new light. I was particularly interested in the way Playboy Magazine’s version of the poem completely changed where the emphasis lied within the poem. By including erotic paintings by Craft, who specialized in fantastical art, the story was turned into an erotic, almost pornographic tale, turning many of the scenes in the poems into sexual acts. When I first read Goblin Market, this was nothing like the version of the scenes I had in mind, so it was really interesting to see how by shaping the way these scenes are visualized, the meaning behind the text can be...

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Posted by Justin Hovey on Thursday, October 8, 2020 - 15:07

One thing that stuck out to me in curating the various editions of Goblin Market was the dearth of paratextual info in earlier editions compared with editions from the mid-20th century onwards. I assume this reflects the material conditions of the Victorian period and early 20th century - either the technical or economic limitations preventing the inclusion of more comprehensive info regarding the date of publication, location of publication, etc. It made me wonder when exactly thorough paratext to open a book was commonplace in publishing. With respect to the particular edition I curated (the 1994 Gramery Books reprint of Florence Harrison's illustrated collection of Rossetti's poems), I found the context of its publication interesting - that it was published in the heyday of a renewed shcolarly interest in Rossetti's poetry and the illustrations which accompanied it, and that it provided an opportuntiy to collect/study such work in print at a time when original pressings...

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Posted by Nicole Bernard on Thursday, October 8, 2020 - 15:04

Diachronic analysis enables the critic to focus on the physical material of the text instead of solely its body. In looking at the various editions of Goblin Market through the years, I found myself longing to hold the physical texts. There's an extra element of understanding in the materiality of an edition. I wanted to feel the binding, look at the paper quality and the ink used. Seeing the wear and aging on an individual book can often reveal the purpose and audience of the text. 

The version of Goblin Market that I researched was the Collins' Clear-Type Press version pocketbook. The book itself is very petite and clearly designed for travel. This was interesting as none of the other books seemed to have this purpose in mind. Books are usually promoted within a strictly collectable realm. Another thing that intrigued me about the book was its lack of information on the illustrator. In fact, the illustrator is unnamed. I have another...

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Posted by Yousef Farhang on Thursday, October 8, 2020 - 14:10

This week's reading was truly shocking because of The Goblin Market's versatility in both interpretation, and in audience. While reading the poem initially, I immediately noticed the sexual connotations of the poem especially with the help of Professor Kooistra's annotations. However, I assumed because the poem was so sensual and sexual in both description and illustrations (the ones I had seen from previous readings of the poem) I never thought this poem could be targetted towards a young audience. However, after taking a closer look at Arthur Rackhams's illustrations, I noticed how his style of art focused immensley on children's innocent which to me was depicted by the soft pale faces of the characters and their rosy cheeks. The goblins were also extermely similar to animal like creatures in other children's books with a hint of fairy tale inspired drawings. Although the poem and its various illustartions prove its versetality in its analysis especially when it comes to...

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Posted by Payton Flood on Thursday, October 8, 2020 - 14:04

By curating Carl Mueller’s front cover and back cover illustrations for Helen McCloy’s The Goblin Market (1943), I was able to learn more about the publishing company (Dell) and how publishing companies operated in the 1940s.  From my research, I was able to discover the rise of mass-marketing and pocket-sized novels.  Though I was not previously familiar with Dell Publishing Company, I knew of their competitor Pocket Books.  Looking at Helen McCloy’s rendition of The Goblin Market did not affect my interpretation of Christina’s Rossetti’s poem.  McCloy’s spin-off paid homage to the original work but it didn’t attempt to change the narrative or provide an alternate meaning.  I think McCloy did well to respect the authenticity of Rossetti’s poem while ensuring it was consumable in a more modern format.  I especially appreciate the nod she gave Rossetti by having one of her character’s die...

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Posted by Simon Mancuso on Thursday, October 8, 2020 - 13:48

For this week's class we were tasked with the curation of a series of publications of Christina Rossetti’s classic poem “Goblin Market”. The process of curation was both incredibly interesting and uniquely challenging. Firstly, I like to point out that the experience of viewing all the first edition and primary source texts front the Ryerson Library was incredibly engaging. It was wonderful to see all those different versions of the text first hand and really illuminating to learn just how much the text had evolved overtime. By taking that virtual tour I learned a great deal about how a story can change and update itself to fit with the times. The process of curation was also interesting in its own way. Tasked with analyzing the pop-culture spinoffs, I really enjoyed learning about how these traditional literary classics can be retooled for a number of different genres and audiences. After viewing all the different versions of the text in this way I...

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Blog entry
Posted by Anjali Jaikarran on Thursday, October 8, 2020 - 13:24

The focus of today's seminar was Christina Rossetti's infamous poem, 'Goblin Market' which chronicles two sisters, Laura and Lizzie, as they get entangled with the malicious and grotesque goblins that sell their forbidden fruit by the riverbank. From reading the article, "Markets for 'Goblin Market'" written by Professor Janzen and looking at the various editions and renditions of the beloved poem, I was surprised to learn about the variety of markets that 'Goblin Market' sells to [adult (scholarly and adult (pornographic)] , despite its supposed intended audience being Victorian children and adults with delicate sensibilities. While reading the poem, I was surprised by the sexual connations littered throughout the poem, but I merely told myself that I was reading into it too much. While curating my text, 'Goblin Market: A Tale of Two Sisters' which is marketed as a gift book for adults interested in Rossetti's work or pre-Raphaelite art, I realized that the...

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Individual Entries

Blog entry
Posted by Payton Flood on Thursday, October 22, 2020 - 19:48

Speaking specifically about the illustration I lead my discussion on, “Her face blanched with terror,” Paget was able to easily represent family life and women’s lack of independence in his imagery.  As we know, Helen and Julia Stoner are under the oppressive control of their stepfather until they can be married.  Such practice was not uncommon in the Victorian era.  Together, Doyle and Paget were able to clearly represent the hierarchy of the family; the paternal figure controls the home, the assets, and the bodies under “his roof.”  This is established by Sir Grimesby Roylott’s desire to maintain control of the girls’ inheritance but plotting their deaths – of which the attack on Julia is successful.  The illustration helps to illuminate the girls' lack of independence; they live in Roylott’s home and follow his rule.  Very rarely do you hear of people seeking the aid of private detectives in the twenty...

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Chronology Entry
Posted by Emma Fraschetti on Thursday, October 22, 2020 - 19:46
Posted by Patricia Lucreziano on Thursday, October 22, 2020 - 18:39
Blog entry
Posted by Mila Kulevska on Thursday, October 22, 2020 - 18:01

With each passing class, I am amazed by the sheer amount of detail and social commentary evident in these Victorian illustrations, revealing how instrumental they were for depicting the social issues of the time period. In today’s class, I was able to examine that quite clearly with Zeinab’s analysis of the beggar illustration within “The Man with the Twisted Lip”. Not only did it address the very Victorian value of classism, but also our lack of development in contemporary Western society. All of the same issues they were talking about in regards to the beggar were still prevalent concerns that I felt were shared in my everyday reality. I found it particularly interesting the caption underneath, “professional beggar”, as it more or less conveyed in a mocking manner that this was a choice for less-fortunately situated individuals. It suggested that these individuals were capable of choosing to be something else, but instead, they would rather be in...

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Posted by Zeinab Fakih on Thursday, October 22, 2020 - 17:42

Sidney Paget does something interesting when it comes to illustrating Sherlock Holmes; and that is, he almost contrasts the words being said. He does this in a way where the text and image relate and make sense and aren't contradictory. But, since he had creative freedom, we see where Paget brought in his own creative liberty and how he saw the characters and scenes he was illustrating for. When it came to the images discussed in presentations today, it is very clear that many if not all these images touched upon fin-de-siècle ideologies and prejudices held at that time. These are imperialism, classism, ableism, racism, and sexism. Many of Paget's images surrounding someone of a race other than white especially showed these prejudices. There was such a fear of the "other" that anyone who looked different was seemingly dangerous and violent. The only racialized man in "The Man With The Twisted Lip" was violent and illustrated to be seen coming out of the shadows. The only disabled...

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Place
Posted by Patricia Lucreziano on Thursday, October 22, 2020 - 17:42

Dover Publications published the version of Goblin Market that included the illustrations by Laurence Housman. Important to note because the creation of this edition happened halfway across the world, in the United Kingdom. Laurence Housman was born in Worcestershire and his work has made it across the world to be studied and appreciated by so many. Dover Publications is still Located in Mineola, New York.

Source: Kooistra, Lorraine Janzen. “Laurence Housman (1865-1959),” Y90s Biographies, edited by Dennis Denisoff, 2010. Yellow Nineties 2.0, General Editor Lorraine Janzen Kooistra, Ryerson University Centre for Digital Humanities, 2019, https://1890s.ca/housman_bio/

Posted by Zeinab Fakih on Thursday, October 22, 2020 - 17:06
Blog entry
Posted by Alessia Dickson on Thursday, October 22, 2020 - 17:01

I really enjoyed listening to today's presentations on The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and examining the correlation between text and image. It is very obvious to me that every single image that was discussed in class today represents fin-de-siècle ideologies of the late nineteenth century such as issues surrounding imperialism, race, gender, and classism. The illustrator of the text, Sydney Paget, did a great job in thoughtfully choosing the best scenes to illustrate in a way that deepens our understanding of the text while at the same time, creating meaning that is separate from the text. My favourite illustration of the presentations was "At the foot of the stairs she met this Lascar scoundrel" in The Man With The Twisted Lip. I enjoyed this illustration of the East-Asian man blocking the woman's entrance to the opium den because I feel it demonstrates a key ideology of the late 19th century, and that was the fear of the '"other," resulting from Britain...

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Place
Posted by Zeinab Fakih on Thursday, October 22, 2020 - 16:46

The English Countryside by London. This is a place where much can happen in the literary community. And this fact is no different for Christina Rossetti and her creation of Goblin Market which seems to be set in this area of the world, even though the specific location is fictional. This poem, though, is set in an unnamed fairytale countryside at an unspecified time. While that may be the case, the poem does seem to take place in a fantasy universe that is meant to be seen as a parallel of our own. The world of Goblin Market seems to be set in a place meant to represent an idyllic English countryside with the fantastical elements of a fairy tale. Except, unlike the English countryside we know, in Rossetti’s London, there are no men; just women and goblins....

Chronology Entry
Posted by Zeinab Fakih on Thursday, October 22, 2020 - 16:31

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