Parma is a city in the Parma province of Italy. Parmesan cheese is produced here, along with textiles, clothing, and home furniture. Before becoming a free commune in the 12th century, Parma was a Roman colony.

Bologna is a city in Italy located in the Bologna province. It is a highly diverse manufacturing area, including machinery, transportation equipment, and processed food. Bologna was originally an Etruscian town named Felsina. Bologna contains an archeological museum and art gallery that works with local artists.

Livorno. A province of central Italy. Livorno borders the Ligurian Sea and contains several islands. Livorno is the main producer of Italy’s iron ore. Manufacturing in Livorno includes shipbuilding, glassworks, and apparel. The area was increased in 1925 through an addition of land from Pisa.

Siena is a city located in the Siena province of Tuscany in Italy. Siena is known for its art and historic treasures, and is a popular tourist city. Siena is also known for its wine and marble. Siena contains a university and academy of music.

Tivoli is a city in the Roma province of Italy. It is known for manufacturing paper and clothing. The city is located on a terrace above Rome and is a major tourist destination. Conquered by Rome in the 4th century BCE, Tivoli is famous for having several ruins of Roman villas.

The Tiber is a river in central Italy. It flows from Tuscany into the Tyrrhenian sea. The upper Tiber is used to create electricity. In Rome, the Tiber is subject to flooding, and as such its banks are diked.

Also known as Pons Aemilius. It is the earliest dated example of a stone bridge in Rome, dating at 179 BC. 

A spectacular Roman Bridge, completed in AD 134. Built for the emperor Hadrian, it originally functioned as a cofferdam. A cofferdam is a watertight enclosure used in regards to bridges to hold back water within an area.  

France is a country in Western Europe. Its capital is Paris. France contains twenty-two administrative regions, each of which is governed by elected regional councils. There are many cities and the majority of people live within cities that have a population of over 100,000.