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ENG 272 LogoBritish Literature II: Revolution, Reaction, Reform examines British literature from the late eighteenth century to the present, a period that witnessed the American and French Revolutions, slave revolts such as the Haitian Revolution, a “revolution in female manners,” the Industrial Revolution, the twentieth-century revolutionary wave in Europe, as well as World War I and World War II, and, of course, artistic revolutions. We will consider how the authors and literary works of this period might be reacting to change, advocating for reform, or participating in literary revolutions—whether revolution is understood in the sense of “revolving” or of “revolting,” going full circle to return to a previous (more perfect?) time or experiencing/effecting a great alteration or rupture.

Access the works for annotations assignments in COVE Studio here: ENG 272, Fall 2025

The digital edition of Frankenstein for annotations and the map project can be found here: Mary Shelley, Frankenstein (1818)

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Posted by Spencer Cobb on Tuesday, September 30, 2025 - 13:46

Thonon_par_le_ciel.jpg (473×265)

While Thonon was only mentioned once within the novel, this location played a very pivotal role in how Victor Frankenstein turned out. In fact, it was the place where his abstract scientific ideas began as he went swimming by Thonon as a child. It was when he discovered a man named Cornelius Agrippa who had ideas about science that were far outdated by modern science that Victor’s ideas started. However, after asking his father about Agrippa, his father decided to only write the topic off and tell him that it was trash. Victor then explains that, if his father had taken the time to tell him why the ideas were garbage and outdated, it might’ve stopped him from conceiving such abstract ideas about his own scientific pursuits.
In terms of the British interest in Thonon, the interest was derived from the beautiful scenery as there’s a beautiful...

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Posted by Abby Green on Tuesday, September 30, 2025 - 13:06

In Frankenstein, the creature finds refuge in the hills where it runs to after killing William, as the creature climbs near perpendicular walls of mountain to escape after. This is a pivotal moment in the book, as the creature is looking for comfort in the innocence of a child, left feeling rejected and abandoned again, when William exclaims at it hideousness. The steepness and vastness of the mountains wall's is shown accentuate the largeness of the creature, and how its physical strength is so unhuman, as it has the ability to scale the mountain in mere moments. Victor can be seen reflecting, "Who could arrest a creature capable of scaling the overhanging sides of Mont Saleve? These reflections determined me, and I resolved to remain silent. ", where he feels hopeless at the creature's strength, and that if he were to announce such things, would be deemed mad and insane. Victor continues to suffer silently, comparing the mountains beauty and sheer terror in its vastness. I think...

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Posted by Abby Green on Tuesday, September 30, 2025 - 11:35

 

Ireland has significance in Frankenstein as it is where Victor Frankenstein washes up to shore after destroying the female creature, he was working on in the Orkney Islands. Upon his arrival, Frankenstein is accused of murdering his friend, unbeknownst to the town folk, Clerval. Victor spends his time in a jail cell, in relative comfort, while he is constantly struggling with feverish guilt of the passing of his best friend Clerval and his brother William. Here is where Frankenstein continues to toil with his grievances of creating the creature, and how damned he truly is. While he seemingly rots away in madness, a visitor appears, where he hastily tells them to leave, where Frankenstein then discovers his father had come to see him. Frankenstein is eventually acquitted of all murder charges thanks to his father; however, this freedom does not relieve Frankenstein's conscience as he still feels to blame for Clerval's demise. A man can be heard saying as Frankenstein and...

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Posted by Emily Moore on Tuesday, September 30, 2025 - 11:09

Greenland appears very early in Frankenstein in Walton's first letter to Mrs. Saville in the first volume. He writes "Twice I actually hired myself as an under-mate in a Greenland whaler, and acquitted myself to admiration" (Volume I Letter I). Walton is trying to show here how far he is willing to go when he sets his mind to something. Greenland's environment is cold and dangerous which prepared him for his Arctic Voyage. This proves just how much the continuous act of discovery means to him. 

Immediately I was interested in finding out more about what he means by "whaler" in this case. According to the Science and Media Museum in the early 18th and 19th centuries massive ships in large fleets would venture out to hunt whales for oil, food, tools and other uses. This made Greenland and surrounding countries well known for whaling. I think that Shelley's readers during this time would have understood that Walton's job is very risky making his character relatable to those who...

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Posted by Allyn Reyes on Tuesday, September 30, 2025 - 10:27

 

St. Paul’s Cathedral in London, UK, Is only mentioned once before Victor and Elizabeth’s marriage in the book Frankenstein. In the late 18th and early 19th century St. Pauls was a popular place because this was where they would hold public events and national celebrations. St. Paul’s is one of London’s most iconic and most visited religious structures. A popular and historical event that happened in 1904 when the church was repainted by artist William Blake Richmond, William Blake’s best friend named his kid after him. I thought that was cool and interesting to see a connection in between authors and especially authors we have learned about in this class from the romantic period..  St. Paul’s cathedral is brought up in volume 3 chapter 1, “At length we saw the numerous steeples of London, St. Paul’s towering above all, and the Tower famed in English history.” They are pointing out the church and how tall it is. In Europe most cities are known for the churches they have and...

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Posted by Allyn Reyes on Tuesday, September 30, 2025 - 10:22

 

Mexico, empire of Mole it seems like now it would have been the Aztecs included as well. In the 18th century Mexico was a important place for all the other countries because Mexico had a big production of silver at the time. Mexico was a big part of the trade and a common stop of those trading. “Empire of mole” refers to Mexico’s culture and culinary background, I know this personally because mole is a sauce my family and I eat (Very delicious). Mole has been a very big cultural food for Mexicans for a long time. I think they were comparing and describing Mexico by its goods. In the book Frankenstein Mexico is brought up once in volume 1 chapter 3 “Cæsar would have spared his country; America would have been discovered more gradually; and the empires of Mexico and Peru had not been destroyed.” The discovery of these places shows the beginning to the start of trade and how it changed the people who gained from it. I think Marry Shelly included Mexico to include the...

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Posted by Allyn Reyes on Tuesday, September 30, 2025 - 10:17

Ingolstadt city in Bavaria Germany plays a big role in the book Frankenstein because it is where Victor Frankenstein did his studies, in the late 18th century this was a important place because this was where music was being produced by world class figures like Bach and Beethoven. Germany was where Frankenstein is doing his study’s so it shows he was in a growing educating place during his important science studies and work. Victor’s time in Germany represents a time of intellectual growth but also marks the time and beginning of something big, tragic and new. The start of his downfall. In volume 2 chapter 6 Germany is brought up a couple of times where they find a cottage in Germany and where they talk about traveling there. Germany is a important setting in the book because that is  where he made his creature and the name “Frankenstein” originates from Germany. Overall Germany serves as a crucial role for the novel and its themes of ambition, discovery and consequences...

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Posted by Emily Moore on Tuesday, September 30, 2025 - 09:30

Cologne appears in Frankenstein very briefly during Victor and Clerval's travels down the Rhine. Victor says "Beyond Cologne we descended to the plains of Holland; and we resolved to post the remainder of our way; for the wind was contrary, and the stream of the river was too gentle to aid us" (Vol III Chapter I). Although this passage is very brief and I almost completely looked over it, after doing a bit of research I found some interesting facts about Cologne that could possibly explain why Shelley chose to mention it here.

In the early 1800s, Cologne was highly famous for its cathedral, one of the largest Gothic churches in northern Europe. The church was so detailed that according to Encyclopaedia Britannica the cathedral was started in 1248 but was still unfinished until the ninteenth century. I think with the combination of travelers during this time seeking out the unfinished cathedral and Shelley deeming it worthy of being included maybe the city could be...

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Posted by Kennedy Williams on Tuesday, September 30, 2025 - 03:58

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Posted by Kennedy Williams on Tuesday, September 30, 2025 - 03:55

Constantinople appears in Volume 2 Chapter 6 of Frankenstein when Safie leaves her home and goes to live with the De Lacey family. Safie is described as from Constantinople and it’s where her and her father lived before his persecution. She traveled from Constantinople to Italy and then eventually to the Germany and France to be with Felix. Constantinople allows for a different setting than we had been used to so far in the novel. Safie's presence allows for the monster’s learning through experience and contributes to his development.  

According to an article by Boundless Voices on Orientalism in Frankenstein, orientalism is the western portrayal of European culture. We see this in Frankenstein as during the time Frankenstein was...

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