The ancient kingdom ruled by Alexander the Great in the 4th century B.C.  This was the homeland of the torsion catapult, commissioned by Philip of Macedon, the father of Alexander the Great, around 350 B.C.  This bow would later be used in historical battles including the siege of Gaza in 332 B.C., the Roman siege of Syracuse from 213 to 211 B.C., and the siege of Jerusalem in 63 B.C.

In 399 B.C., the Greek ruler of the colony of Syracuse in Sicily, Dionysius the Eldert, issued a declaration to produce new novel weapons, one of which was the flex