Piedmont-Sardinia refers to the composite state of Piedmont in northern Italy and the island Sardinia, which were united under the rule of the Duke of Savoy in 1720, with Turin as its capital.

Vienna is the capital city of Austria and is located on the Danube river. It became the capital of the Austrian Empire in 1804 and hosted the Congress of Vienna in 1814–1815.

Warsaw is the capital city of Poland and is located on the Vistula river.

Milan is the capital city of the Lombardy region in northern Italy. In the fifteenth century, under the leadership of the House of Sforza, Milan became one of the leading cities of the Italian Renaissance.

Naples is an Italian city located on the Gulf of Naples, in the Campania region in southwestern Italy. It is situated between the volcanic regions of Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields.