Linda Noel - Concow Maidu

"To begin the story of the ConCow Maidu we travel back in time to the year 1828. Summer was coming to an end and the ConCow peoples were returning from their summer camps around Grassy Lake. Grassy Lake is about twenty-five miles northeast of their more permanent winter home in the KonKow Valley and surrounding foothills. The KonKow Valley is about twenty miles north of present day Oroville, in Butte County, California.

Chrystos - Menominee

"The Menominee Indian Tribe’s rich culture, history, and residency in the area now known as the State of Wisconsin, and parts of the States of Michigan and Illinois, dates back 10,000 years. At the start of the Treaty Era in the early 1800’s, the Menominee occupied a land base estimated at 10 million acres; however, through a series of seven treaties entered into with the United States Government during the 1800’s, the Tribe witnessed its land base erode to little more than 235,000 acres today. The Tribe experienced further setbacks in the 1950’s with the U.S.

1844 - The Espionage Scandal

Giuseppe Mazzini, the creator of the Young Italy Movement, had plans of ending the Austrian occupation and wanted a  unified Italy; he took refuge living in London as an exile. Austrian ambassador, Baron Philipp von Neumann was not eager about Mazzini’s plans, and requested to the British Secretary of State for the Home Department, Sir James Graham, that he keep a close eye on Mazzini. This led to an issue of a warrant on the first of March in 1844 which completely transformed the link between privacy and communication. 

Tiffany Midge - Lakota

"The Lakota people or the people of Standing Rock are one of the first original Native American tribes who inhabited the North Americas before the arrival of Europeans. Often referred to as the Great Sioux Nation, these people can be divided into three distinct groups based on the language and geography; Dakota (Santee, Eastern Dakota), Lakota (Teton, Western Dakota) and Nakota (Yankton, Central Dakota).