Umbria is a region in central Italy. Its capital city is Perugia. Until the Risorgimento (Italian Unification), it was part of the Papal States, excepting the period of French rule following Napoleon’s conquest of Italy.
Nice is a city located on the Mediterranean coast in the southeast of France, near the border with Italy. From the fourteenth until the nineteenth century, it was regularly under the rule of the House of Savoy and became part of Piedmont-Sardinia in 1814. The city has been part of France since 1860.
The Piazza San Pietro is a square located in front of St Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City. The square was originally designed by Bernini from 1656–1667.
Villafranca is a town in the Navarre region in the northeast of Spain. It was the site of the signing of the armistice between France and Austria on 11 July 1859.
The Savoy region on the border of France, Italy, and Switzerland was historically the territory of the royal House of Savoy. The area has now divided between the three countries.
Lombardy is a region in the northwest of Italy. Its capital is Milan. From the eighteenth century it was under Austrian rule, but it was conquered by Napoleon at the end of the century. The 1815 Congress of Vienna restored Austrian rule, although the population rebelled in 1848.
Lambeth is a borough in Central London, located on the south bank of the river Thames. It was originally part of the manor of Lambeth Palace, the London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury.
The Tuileries Garden is a public park located in Paris. It was designed by Catherine de’ Medici as the garden of the Tuileries Palace and became a public park after the French Revolution. The Tuileries Palace was destroyed by the Paris Commune in 1871.
The Palace of Versailles was the principal residence of the monarchs of France prior to the French Revolution. It is located to the southwest of Paris, and the former city of Versailles is now a suburb of Paris. Originally a hunting lodge, the palace was expanded significantly by King Louis XIV.
The Bastille Saint-Antoine, commonly referred to as the Bastille, was a fortress in eastern Paris. Since the sixteenth century, the building was in use as a political prison; the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789 was a key event in the escalation of the French Revolution.
