Far Islands
These were islands known for their apple trees that Gemma spotted as she took off from the Glasgow airport.
Snaefallsjokull
An Icelandic mountain that Jules Verne wrote about in Journey to the Center of the Earth. Gemma remembered it being mentioned by Berglind when she was waiting for the airplane that was to take her back to Scotland.
Firth of Forth
An inlet where Gemma's aunt told Charles about her being pregnant.
Maes Howe
Gemma Hardy p.440
Gemma references Maes Howe in her conversation with Mr. Sinclair when on the airplane returning to Scotland. I couldn’t find a previous reference to it so I think she used it as a metaphor to symbolize all the hard work she had put in to take the exams at university.
Bangers and Mash
Gemma Hardy p. 386
lesbianism
Gemma Hardy p. 337