The concept of pain relieving medication has been around for many years but the actual manufacturing began in 1899. Ancient Romans and Egyptians used salicylic acid from willow and other plants made into clay tablets.
During Queen Victoria's reign in the 19th Century, women were still seen as less than men, much like the rest of the world at the time. The main role of the woman during this time was to be at home to take care of the house, and tend to the husband's needs. This is seen as a theme in Middlemarch particularly, as one of the main themes of the book is the significance of marriage in the women's lives.