COVE

Erik Simpson, "On Corinne, Or Italy"

Marjorie Stone, “On the Post Office Espionage Scandal, 1844″

Associated Places

Benjamin Robert Haydon, Napoléon Bonaparte (based on a version of 1830)
Umbria
Pisa
Florence, Italy
Ravenna
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Calabria
Naples
Gaeta
Emilia-Romagna
Rome, Italy
Lombardy
Turin
Piedmont-Sardinia

Napoleon made king of Italy

26 May 1805

On 26 May 1805, Napoleon crowns himself King of Italy in Milan Cathedral, with the iron crown of Lombardy. Image: The Iron Crown of Lombardy, from Cesare Cantù Grande illustrazione del Lombardo-Veneto ossia storia delle città, dei borghi, comuni, castelli, ecc. fino ai tempi moderni Milano, Corona e Caimi Editori, 1858. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired.

In a flamboyant and highly theatrical gesture, Napoleon Bonaparte signifies his political and military dominance over the Italian peninsula with a ceremony in Milan Cathedral, where he crowned himself King of Italy with the ancient, iconic iron crown of Lombardy. This crowning of Napoleon as King is a result of the French conquest of Italy. His full title was "Emperor of the French and King of Italy."

Articles

Erik Simpson, “On Corinne, Or Italy”

Associated Places

Benjamin Robert Haydon, Napoléon Bonaparte (based on a version of 1830)
Umbria
Florence, Italy
Ravenna
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Calabria
Naples
Gaeta
Emilia-Romagna
Lombardy
Turin
Piedmont-Sardinia

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Sonnet (1880, illustration)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Illustrations for Christina Rossetti's Goblin Market (1862)

Birth of Dante Gabriel Rossetti

12 May 1828

On 12 May 1828, Dante Gabriel Rossetti was born as Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti. His parents were Gabriele Pasquale Giuseppe Rossetti, an Italian émigré scholar, and Frances Mary Lavinia Polidori (the sister of John William Polidori). Rossetti would go on to form the influential literary and artistic group, The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Image: Portrait of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: albumen print. This photograph, from 7 October 1863, was reproduced as the frontispiece of: Rossetti, William Michael, Dante Gabriel Rossetti as Designer and Writer. London: Cassell and Company, 1898.

Associated Places

Elizabeth Helsinger, “Lyric Poetry and the Event of Poems, 1870″

Tuscan uprising

1 Feb 1848

Tuscan patriotic upraising against Austrian Duke (February 1848), which led to a short-lived constitution. Image: An image of non-unified Italy (1815-1870), William Shepherd, Historical Atlas (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1911). This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired.

To supporters of Italian independence, the short-lived uprising in Tuscany, leading to a new constitution as well as freedom of the press and of religious practice, seemed to be the first step to overthrowing foreign rulers

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood founded

Sep 1848

In September 1848, the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The brotherhood reacts, in part, against the use of bitumen, a transparent brown used for depicting exaggerated shadows, aiming instead to reproduce the sharp, brilliant colors found in fifteenth-century art. Image: Portrait of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: albumen print. This photograph, from 7 October 1863, was reproduced as the frontispiece of: Rossetti, William Michael, Dante Gabriel Rossetti as Designer and Writer. London: Cassell and Company, 1898.

Lorraine Janzen Kooistra, “The Moxon Tennyson as Textual Event: 1857, Wood Engraving, and Visual Culture”

Morna O’Neill, “On Walter Crane and the Aims of Decorative Art”

Linda M. Shires, "On Color Theory, 1835: George Field’s Chromatography"

Linda M. Shires, “Color Theory—Charles Lock Eastlake’s 1840 Translation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Zur Farbenlehre (Theory of Colours)”

Associated Places

Leighton House
Middleton Cheney
Selsley
Goblin Market and Other Poems, Cover Design
The Prisoner of Chillon, Illustration in Poets of the Nineteenth Century
Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Illustrations for Christina Rossetti's Goblin Market (1862)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Interpretation of "The Lady of Shalott"

Roman Republic

9 Feb 1849 to Jul 1849

The Roman Republic existed from 9 February 1849 to 3 July 1849. The Republic was established after Pope Pius IX fled to Gaeta to the protection of King Ferdinand II of Naples, following the assassination of the papal Minister of Justice. Image: Lithograph of 'Proclamazione delle Repubblica Romana', 1849 (published in 1861). This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired.

Articles

Marjorie Stone, “On the Post Office Espionage Scandal, 1844″

Erik Simpson, “On Corinne, Or Italy″

Associated Places

Gaeta
Umbria
Pisa
Florence, Italy
Calabria
Naples
Rome, Italy
Lombardy
Turin
Piedmont-Sardinia
Urbania

Cranbourne Alley
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Beata Beatrix (1864-1870)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal (1861)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Head of Elizabeth Siddal (1855)

Siddal "discovered" by Walter Deverell

Dec 1849

In December 1849, Elizabeth ("Lizzie") Siddal was "discovered" by Walter Deverell, a Pre-Raphaelite painter, while she was working as a milliner in Cranbourne Alley, She went on to become a model for other Pre-Raphaelite artists and eventually married Dante Gabriel Rossetti. London. Image: Elizabeth Siddal self-portrait. This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, public domain work of art.

Associated Places

Jill Galvan, “Tennyson’s Ghosts: The Psychical Research Case of the Cross-Correspondences, 1901-c.1936″

“The Blessed Damozel”

Feb 1850

In February 1850, publication of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s “The Blessed Damozel.” Image: The Blessed Damozel, oil on canvas, Fogg Museum of Art, Harvard University. Completed c. 1871-78. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired.

Associated Places

No places have been associated with this event

Dante Gabriel Rossetti moves to 17 Red Lion Square

13 Jan 1851

On 13 January 1851, Dante Gabriel Rossetti moved to 17 Red Lion Square with Walter Deverell. He lived there briefly until moving to 14 Chatham Place in November of 1852. Image: Courtesy of The Victorian Web.

Associated Places

17 Red Lion Square

Dante Gabriel Rossetti moves to 14 Chatham Place

Nov 1852

In November of 1852, Dante Gabriel Rossetti moved to 14 Chatham Place, Blackfriar's. Image, courtesy of the British Library, described on the BL website as follows: "Inscribed and dated: 'G. P. Boyce. April. 26. 1866' Verso of the mount. . . [,] a label on which is inscribed in Boyce's hand 'Backs of some old houses in Soho. . . , 14 Chatham Place, Blackfriars."

Associated Places

14 Chatham Place

166 Albany St. (formerly 45 Upper Albany St.)

Rossetti family moves to Albany St.

Apr 1854

In April 1854, the Rossetti family moved to 45 Upper Albany St. (now 166 Albany St.) in London.

Associated Places

166 Albany St. (formerly 45 Upper Albany St.)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Sonnet (1880, illustration)

Death of Gabriele Rossetti

26 Apr 1854

Gabriele Pasquale Giuseppe Rossetti (father of Dante Gabriel, Christina Georgina, William Michael and Maria Francesca Rossetti) died on 26 April 1854 at 45 Upper Albany St. (now 166 Albany St.).

Associated Places

Lorraine Janzen Kooistra, “The Moxon Tennyson as Textual Event: 1857, Wood Engraving, and Visual Culture”

Pre-Raphaelite Art Exhibit

25 May 1857 to 25 Jun 1857

Pre-Raphaelite Art Exhibit, Russell Square, London, from 25 May to 25 June 1857. This was the first exhibition devoted solely to the work of the Pre-Raphaelites. Image: Portrait of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: albumen print. This photograph, from 7 October 1863, was reproduced as the frontispiece of: Rossetti, William Michael, Dante Gabriel Rossetti as Designer and Writer. London: Cassell and Company, 1898. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired.

Associated Places

Russell Square, London
Leighton House
Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Interpretation of "The Lady of Shalott"

Battle of Solferino

24 Jun 1859

Battle of Solferino on 24 June 1859: On this date, the French defeat Austria at Solferino, forcing a full retreat of the Austrians from Lombardy in Northern Italy. Image: Luigi Norfini, Battaglia di San Martino (c. 1860s). This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired.

Articles

Marjorie Stone, “On the Post Office Espionage Scandal, 1844″

Associated Places

Solferino
Umbria
Ravenna
Lombardy
Turin

Italy is united

1 Feb 1861

On February 1861, Vittorio Emanuele II of Piedmont is crowned king of Italy: Italy is formally united, with Turin as the capital city. Image: Vittorio Emanuele II of Savoia (c. 1840s-1850s), Museo nazionale del Risorgimento, Torino (author unknown). This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired.

Articles

Marjorie Stone, “On the Post Office Espionage Scandal, 1844″

Associated Places

Turin
Umbria
Pisa
Florence, Italy
Ravenna
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Calabria
Naples
Gaeta
Emilia-Romagna
Rome, Italy
Lombardy
Piedmont-Sardinia
Urbania
Modena
Bologna
Parma

14 Chatham Place
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Beata Beatrix (1864-1870)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal (1861)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Head of Elizabeth Siddal (1855)

Death of Elizabeth Siddal

11 Feb 1862

Elizabeth Eleanor Rossetti (formerly Elizabeth Siddal) died of a laudanum overdose at 7:20 a.m. on 11 February 1862 at 14 Chatham Place. Image: Elizabeth Siddal self-portrait. This is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, public domain work of art.

Associated Places

Highgate Cemetary
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Beata Beatrix (1864-1870)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal (1861)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Head of Elizabeth Siddal (1855)

Burial of Elizabeth Siddal

17 Feb 1862

Elizabeth Eleanor Rossetti (formerly Elizabeth Siddal) was buried on 17 February 1862 in Highgate Western Cemetary in the Rossetti family plot. Dante Gabriel Rossetti placed "Dante at Verona," "Love's Nocturne" and other manuscript poems in her coffin before interment. Image: the Rossetti family grave where Elizabeth Siddal is buried (courtesy of The Victorian Web).

Associated Places

Dante Gabriel Rossetti moves to 16 Cheyne Walk

24 Oct 1862

On 24 October 1862, Dante Gabriel Rossetti moved to 16 Cheyne Walk, London, where he lived for the next twenty years. Image of 16 Cheyne Walk from Wikipedia Commons is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

Associated Places

16 Cheyne Walk

Austro-Prussian War

14 Jun 1866 to 2 Aug 1866

Austro-Prussian War (also known as the Third Italian Independence War or the Seven Weeks’ War), was fought from 14 June 1866 to 23 August 1866, after which Italy gains Venice from Austria. Image: The Battle of Königgrätz, by Georg Bleibtreu. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired.

Articles

Marjorie Stone, “On the Post Office Espionage Scandal, 1844″

Associated Places

Umbria
Venice
Prague
Schönbrunn Palace
Lombardy
Frankfurt

Highgate Cemetary
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Beata Beatrix (1864-1870)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal (1861)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Head of Elizabeth Siddal (1855)

Exhumation of Dante Gabriel Rossetti's manuscripts

10 Oct 1869

On 10 October 1869, Dante Gabriel Rossetti had the manuscripts that he had previously buried with Elizabeth Siddal exhumed. Image: "Praise and Prayer" manuscript, one of three surviving leaves from the manuscripts Rossetti buried with his wife on 17 February 1862 in Highgate Cemetary. The original is in the Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (MS Eng 769).

Associated Places

Elizabeth Helsinger, “Lyric Poetry and the Event of Poems, 1870″

Rossetti, Poems

Apr 1870

In April 1870, Dante Gabriel Rossetti published his first volume of original poetry, marking the start of several decades of renewed lyric experimentation by younger poets like Algernon Charles Swinburne, William Morris, Christina Rossetti, George Meredith, and Gerard Manly Hopkins. Image: Portrait of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: albumen print, 7 October 1863. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired.

Articles

Associated Places

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Sibylla Palmifera (painting), 1866-70
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Lady Lilith (painting), 1868

Franco-Prussian War

19 Jul 1870 to 10 May 1871

The Franco-Prussian War was fought from 19 July 1870 to 10 May 1871. The war ended with the defeat of Napoleon III and the unification of Germany; Italy gained the Papal States and Rome became the capital of Italy. Image: Frederick Barnard, "Discussing the War in a Paris Café" - a scene from the brief interim between the Battle of Sedan and Siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War, published in The Illustrated London News, 17 September 1870. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired.

Articles

Marjorie Stone, “On the Post Office Espionage Scandal, 1844″

Associated Places

Umbria
Amiens
Ravenna
Lombardy
Urbania

Rome annexed to Italy

2 Oct 1870

Plebiscite annexes Rome and Latium to the Kingdom of Italy, 2 October 1870. This event marks the final phase of the unification of Italy.

Articles

Marjorie Stone, “On the Post Office Espionage Scandal, 1844″

Associated Places

Rome, Italy
Umbria
Ravenna
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Calabria
Naples
Gaeta
Lombardy
Turin
Piedmont-Sardinia

Anna Maria Jones, “On the Publication of Dark Blue, 1871-73″

Dark Blue journal run

1871 to 1873

From March 1871 to March 1873, the journal, Dark Blue, was published monthly in Great Britain. Dark Blue (1871–73) was a monthly magazine, edited by Oxford undergraduate John Christian Freund, which folded two years after a brilliant debut. During its brief run, it brought together a stunning list of literary and artistic contributors, including Dante Gabriel Rossetti, A. C. Swinburne, William Morris, Andrew Lang, Mathilde Blind, Sheridan Le Fanu, Simeon Solomon, and Ford Madox Brown, who produced aesthetically and sexually daring poetry, art, and criticism.

Articles

Associated Places

Oxford, England

Ayla Lepine, “On the Founding of Watts & Co., 1874″

Morris & Co. founded

1875

In Mar 1875, Morris, Marshall, Faulkner and Company was dissolved and re-established as Morris and Company. Image: Photograph of William Morris, aged 53. First published 1899 (photo by Frederick Hollyer c. 1887). From Google Books edition of J. W. Mackail The Life of William Morris in two volumes, London, New York and Bombay: Longmans, Green and Co., 1899. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired.

Associated Places

Queen Square, Bloomsbury
Merton Abbey Mills
Hammersmith
Leek
Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Illustrations for Christina Rossetti's Goblin Market (1862)

Frances Mary Lavinia Polidori Rossetti's 80th Birthday

27 Apr 1880

On April 27 1880 Frances Rossetti turned eighty. In honour of her birthday, Christina Georgina Rossetti (1830-1894) and Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882) gave her a copy of David Main's Treasury of English Sonnets (1880). They personalized their gift by contributing a hand-written sonnet each. DGR designed his illuminated “A Sonnet is a moment’s monument” to fit the dimensions of the book and memorialized the moment of the gift in the lower left corner of the manuscript: "DG Rossetti pro Matre facit Apr: 27: 1880" (DG Rossetti made this for his Mother April 27 1880). While DGR’s sonnet was laid in to the front of the Treasury of English Sonnets, CGR placed her hand-written offering, “Sonnets are full of love, and this my tome…” at the back of the book. In this format, the Rossetti siblings' pair of sonnets effectively became the "Alpha and Omega" of this national collection, commenting on the long tradition of sonnets circulating in manuscript and print for private/public expressions of love, ambition, rivalry, and loss.

Associated Places

No places have been associated with this event

by Lorraine Janzen Kooistra

Publication of Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Ballads and Sonnets

16 Sep 1881

On 16 September 1881, Dante Gabriel Rossetti published Ballads and Sonnets (London: Ellis and White, 1881) along with a new edition of his Poems. Originally Rossetti intended to publish only one book of his works in 1881, a revised and augmented edition of his 1870 Poems. (On the 1870 volume, see Elizabeth Helsinger, “Lyric Poetry and the Event of Poems, 1870.″) In working over his materials, however, Rossetti soon realized that he had more poems than could be accommodated to a single volume, so he devised the scheme that eventuated in the publication of Ballads and Sonnets and its companion, A New Edition (so identified on the title page) of Poems. Ballads and Sonnets included an expanded set of poems with the title, "The House of Life," now prefaced with an "Introductory Sonnet" with the first line, "A Sonnet is a moment's monument." Image: courtesy of The Rossetti Archive.

Associated Places

No places have been associated with this event

Birchington-on-Sea, Kent
Kent
Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Illustrations for Christina Rossetti's Goblin Market (1862)

Death of Dante Gabriel Rossetti

9 Apr 1882

Dante Gabriel Rossetti died on 9 April 1882 (Easter Sunday) at Birchington-on-Sea, Kent, where he was also buried at All Saints' Church. Image: Birchington All Saints Church from the southwest (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license).

Associated Places