EN316: Revolution and Empire: British Literature from 1660-1900

Created by Stacey Kikendall on Sun, 02/07/2021 - 17:58

Part of Group:

Park EN316: Revolution and Empire: British Literature from 1660-1900 (Spring 2021)

This timeline presents important dates and events from the Restoration up through the end of the Victorian period, with special reference to authors and their works we read in class.

Timeline

Chronological table

Displaying 51 - 100 of 121

Date	Event	Created by
28 May 1836	Elizabeth Barrett Browning dinner with Wordsworth Portrait (engraving) of Elizabeth Barrett Browning On 28 May 1836, Elizabeth Barrett Browning met William Wordsworth at a literary dinner in London; EBB's cousin, John Kenyon, was the host and the event most likely occurred at Kenyon's main residence at the time: 39 Devonshire Place, London, which is right around the corner from EBB's residence at the time: 50 Wimpole Street. See the associated map.	Dino Franco Felluga	Home of John Kenyon Benjamin Robert Haydon, Wordsworth on Helvellyn (1842)
29 Aug 1833	Slavery Abolition Act The Slavery Abolition Act of 1833 received the Royal Assent (which means it became law) on 29 August 1833. The Act outlawed slavery throughout the British Empire; Britain’s colonial slaves were officially emancipated on 1 August 1834 when the law came into force, although most entered a form of obligatory apprenticeship that ended in 1840. Image: The Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Image: the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Articles Elsie B. Michie, "On the Sacramental Test Act, the Catholic Relief Act, the Slavery Abolition Act, and the Factory Act" Sarah Winter, “On the Morant Bay Rebellion in Jamaica and the Governor Eyre-George William Gordon Controversy, 1865-70″	David Rettenmaier	Palace of Westminster Kingston National Heroes Park Morant Bay, Jamaica Spanish Town St. Ann Parish Old Harbour Porus Mississippi Delta New Orleans
29 Aug 1833	Factory Act Act to Regulate the Labour of Children and Young Persons in the Mills and Factories of the United Kingdom passed on 29 August 1833. Image: the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Articles Elsie B. Michie, "On the Sacramental Test Act, the Catholic Relief Act, the Slavery Abolition Act, and the Factory Act" Related Articles Peter Capuano, “On Sir Charles Bell’s The Hand, 1833″	David Rettenmaier	Palace of Westminster
Oct 1831 to Oct 1836	Darwin's voyage on the Beagle From October 1831 to October 1836, Charles Darwin circumnavigated the world as ship’s naturalist on board the H.M.S. Beagle; he later published his first book based on the journal of his experiences and observations during the voyage. Image: Henry Maull and John Fox, Photograph of Charles Darwin (c. 1854). This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired. Articles Nancy Armstrong, “On Charles Darwin’s The Descent of Man, 24 February 1871″ Ian Duncan, “On Charles Darwin and the Voyage of the Beagle” Anna Henchman, “Charles Darwin’s Final Book on Earthworms, 1881” Cannon Schmitt, “On the Publication of Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species, 1859″ Related Articles Daniel Bivona, “On W. K. Clifford and ‘The Ethics of Belief,’ 11 April 1876″	David Rettenmaier	Patagonia Tierra del Fuego Plymouth Bahia Falkland Islands Straits of Magellan Galápagos archipelago Maipu River Argentine Pampas Van Diemen’s Land Cape of Good Hope Concepción, Chile New South Wales
Sep 1831 to Dec 1832	Cholera Epidemic The first major cholera pandemic to cross the Channel began in Sunderland in September 1831, spread throughout the country, and was not determined to be over until more than a year later, in December of 1832. Articles Pamela Gilbert, "On Cholera in Nineteenth-Century England"	David Rettenmaier	Soho Sunderland Limehouse District
1831	A History of Mary Prince Story by Mary Prince, transcribed by Suzanna Strickland, edited by Thomas Pringle	Stacey Kikendall
15 Sep 1830	Opening of Liverpool & Manchester Railway On 15 September 1830, the world’s first major passenger railway opened with a huge celebration—and an unforgettable tragedy. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway stages a grand public opening with dignitaries including then-prime-minster Duke of Wellington. But, before the inaugural trains reach their destination, a fatal accident occurs to MP William Huskisson and, in Manchester, the cheering crowds give way to angry political protests. Image: The Remains of Stephenson's 'Rocket', 1829. Used with permission. Copyright (c) National Railway Museum / Science & Society Picture Library. Articles Paul Fyfe, “On the Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 1830″	David Rettenmaier
Aug 1830 to Dec 1830	Swing Riots The Swing Riots, which occurred from August 1830 to December 1830, were a series of riots by agricultural workers that resulted from the Enclosure Acts, in general, and the introduction of threshing machines in East Kent, more specifically. The Swing Riots are named after the fictitious “Captain Swing,” the figurehead for the movement. Image: Print by Henry Heath entitled “Swing!” (1830). Reproduced with permission from The British Museum. Related Articles Carolyn Lesjak, "1750 to the Present: Acts of Enclosure and Their Afterlife" (forthcoming)	David Rettenmaier	Kent
26 Jun 1830	Death of King George IV On 26 June 1830, King George IV died, prompting a dissolution of Parliament which brought the Whigs to power in a coalition government; he was succeeded by King William IV. Image: 1798 Engraving of King George IV (by Salomon Jomtob Bennett, after Sir William Beechey). This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired. Related Articles Carolyn Vellenga Berman, “On the Reform Act of 1832″	David Rettenmaier
1 Jan 1830	Principles of Geology January 1830 saw the publication of the first volume (of three) of Charles Lyell’s Principles of Geology (January 1830). Image: G. J. Stodart (engraver), Portrait of Charles Lyell (unknown date). Lyell’s work, though contested, establishes the preeminence of Uniformitarian principles in the interpretation of Geological phenomena, and allows vast temporal scope for Charles Darwin’s subsequent model of evolutionary development. Articles Martin Meisel, "On the Age of the Universe" Related Articles Nancy Armstrong, “On Charles Darwin’s The Descent of Man, 24 February 1871″ Ian Duncan, “On Charles Darwin and the Voyage of the Beagle” Anna Henchman, “Charles Darwin’s Final Book on Earthworms, 1881” Cannon Schmitt, “On the Publication of Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species, 1859″	David Rettenmaier
1830	Death of George IV, William IV becomes King Brother of George IV, son of George III	Stacey Kikendall
1 Apr 1829	Roman Catholic Relief Act Roman Catholic Relief Act received the Royal Assent on 13 April 1829 (sometimes called the Catholic Emancipation Act). Image: the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Catholic Relief Act of 1829 allowed Catholics to become Members of Parliament and to hold public offices, but it also raised the property qualifications that allowed individuals in Ireland to vote. The passage of the Catholic Relief Act marked a shift in English political power from the House of Lords to the House of Commons. The Act was led by the Duke of Wellington and passed despite initially serious opposition from both the House of Lords and King George IV. Articles Elsie B. Michie, "On the Sacramental Test Act, the Catholic Relief Act, the Slavery Abolition Act, and the Factory Act" Related Articles Carolyn Vellenga Berman, “On the Reform Act of 1832″ Sean Grass, “On the Death of the Duke of Wellington, 14 September 1852″	David Rettenmaier	Palace of Westminster
1828	Test Act Repealed Parliamentary repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts excluding Dissenters from state offices	Stacey Kikendall
Dec 1825	Bank failures in London On December 1825, bank failures began in London. The collapse of important City banks lead to further bank failures across Britain and brought financial crisis to the point where the Bank of England must take extreme measures. Image: The main Bank of England façade, c. 1980. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. Articles Alexander J. Dick, “On the Financial Crisis, 1825-26″ Related Articles Angela Esterhammer, “1824: Improvisation, Speculation, and Identity-Construction” Lana L. Dalley, “On Martineau’s Illustrations of Political Economy, 1832-34″	David Rettenmaier	Bank of England
Apr 1825	Stock market crash On April 1825, the British stock market began to crash. After the speculative bubble reached its peak, falling Bank of England gold reserves and a collapse in stock prices lead to panic by the end of the year. Related Articles Angela Esterhammer, “1824: Improvisation, Speculation, and Identity-Construction”	David Rettenmaier
16 Jun 1824	Society for Protection of Animals founded On 16 June 1824, founding of the Society for the Protection of Animals (SPCA) in London. The Society became the Royal Society in 1840, when it was granted a royal charter by Queen Victoria, herself strongly opposed to vivisection. Articles Ivan Kreilkamp, “The Ass Got a Verdict: Martin’s Act and the Founding of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 1822″ Related Articles Susan Hamilton (U Alberta), “On the Cruelty to Animals Act, 15 August 1876″ Philip Howell, “June 1859/December 1860: The Dog Show and the Dogs’ Home” Mario Ortiz-Robles, “Animal Acts: 1822, 1835, 1849, 1850, 1854, 1876, 1900″	David Rettenmaier
5 May 1821	Death of Napoleon Horace Vernet, Napoleon on his Death Bed (1826) Napoleon Bonaparte died on 5 May 1821 while in Exile on the island of Saint Helena. Image: Horace Vernet, Napoleon on his Death Bed (1826).	Dino Franco Felluga	Elba Benjamin Robert Haydon, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1839) Benjamin Robert Haydon, Napoléon Bonaparte (based on a version of 1830) Corsica
1820	George IV becomes King After serving as Regent for years, he eventually becomes King when his father dies.	Stacey Kikendall
1820	Ode on a Grecian Urn Written by John Keats	Stacey Kikendall
30 Dec 1819	Gag Acts On 30 December 1819, the British parliament passed the Six Acts (or Gag Acts), which labeled any meeting for radical reform as “an overt act of treasonable conspiracy.” The acts were aimed at gagging radical newspapers (the Blasphemous and Seditious Libels Act, the Newspaper and Stamp Duties Act, and the Misdemeanors Act), preventing large meetings (the Seditious Meetings Prevention Act), and reducing what the government saw as the possibility of armed insurrection (the Training Prevention Act and the Seizure of Arms Act). Image: The Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Articles James Chandler, “On Peterloo, 16 August 1819″	David Rettenmaier	Cato Street
15 Nov 1819	Simultaneous Scottish radical meetings On 15 November 1819, simultaneous radical meetings occurred at Paisley, Glasgow, and other locations across Scotland. Articles James Chandler, “On Peterloo, 16 August 1819″	David Rettenmaier	Paisley Glasgow Cato Street
1 Nov 1819	Simultaneous radical meetings On 1 November 1819, simultaneous meetings were held, by prior agreement, at Newcastle, Carlisle, Leeds Halifax, Manchester, Bolton, Nottingham, Leicester, Coventry, and elsewhere in England and Scotland. Articles James Chandler, “On Peterloo, 16 August 1819″	David Rettenmaier	Newcastle Cato Street Halifax
16 Aug 1819	Peterloo massacre On 16 August 1819, at St. Peter’s Field, Manchester, more than 60,000 workers gathered to demonstrate in favor of an expansion of suffrage in England. In an attempt to disperse the crowd and arrest the organizers of the demonstration, local cavalry and members of the 15th Hussars and 88th Foot attacked the crowd, killing a dozen protestors and injuring as many as 600. Though Wellington was not involved, the incident was dubbed “Peterloo” because of his persistent opposition to reform in the House of Lords. Image: Richard Carlisle, To Henry Hunt, Esq., as chairman of the emeeting assembled in St. Peter's Field, Manchester, sixteenth day of August, 1819, and to the female Reformers of Manchester and the adjacent towns who were exposed to and suffered from the wanton and fiendish attack made on them by that brutal armed force, the Manchester and Cheshire Yeomanry Cavalry, this plate is dedicated by their fellow labourer, Richard Carlile: a coloured engraving that depicts the Peterloo Massacre (1 October 1819), Manchester Library Services. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired. Related Articles James Chandler, “On Peterloo, 16 August 1819″ Sean Grass, “On the Death of the Duke of Wellington, 14 September 1852″	David Rettenmaier	St. Peter's Field in Manchester Cato Street St Peter's Field, Manchester, England
12 Jul 1819	Britain approves settlement scheme to South Africa On 12 July 1819, the British government approved £50,000 for a settlement scheme to South Africa's eastern Cape. Articles Timothy Johns, “The 1820 Settlement Scheme to South Africa”	David Rettenmaier
26 Sep 1818	First medical blood transfusion between humans On Saturday, 26 September 1818, James Blundell conducted the first medical blood transfusion between human subjects. During the course of the century, transfusion was applied as a remedy to different kinds of sicknesses and injuries, and performed at different times with various fluids. Image: James Blundell’s Gravitator, from “Observations on the Transfusion of Blood, with a Description of his Gravitator.” This image is in the public domain in the United States as its copyright has expired. Articles Matthew Rowlinson, “On the First Medical Blood Transfusion Between Human Subjects, 1818″	David Rettenmaier
1 Apr 1817	First number of Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine On 1 April 1817, the first number of Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine was published. Founded by Scottish bookseller and publisher William Blackwood, the monthly literary magazine targeted a growing middle-class readership. Image: Paper cover for issue of Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine (Nov. 1866). This image is in the public domain in the United States as its copyright has expired. Articles Michelle Allen-Emerson, “On Magazine Day” Related Articles Ina Ferris, “The Debut of The Edinburgh Review, 1802″	David Rettenmaier	Edinburgh
Dec 1815	Emma Dec 1815 publication of Jane Austen's Emma. Austen's fourth published novel, Emma, was in press when the Prince Regent sent word that she had his permission to dedicate this or any later work to him, a permission of which she never availed herself. Image: Title page from Jane Austen's first edition of Emma, 1816 (Lilly Library, Indiana U). This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired. Articles Anne Wallace, “On the Deceased Wife’s Sister Controversy, 1835-1907″	David Rettenmaier
2 Mar 1815	Corn Law Act On 23 March 1815, parliament passed the Corn Law Act of 1815. Image: the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Corn Law Act of 1815 prohibited the importation of grain when the prices in the domestic market were high. The Act was repealed on 25 June 1846. Articles Ayse Çelikkol, "On the Repeal of the Corn Laws, 1846"	David Rettenmaier	Palace of Westminster
6 Apr 1814 to 26 Feb 1815	Napoleon exiled to Elba Benjamin Robert Haydon, Napoleon Musing at St Helena Napoleon was exiled to Elba, an island in the Meditteranean, after he abdicated on 6 April 1814. He spent nine months and 21 days on the island, then attempted to retake his empire, leaving the island on 26 February 1815. Napoleon was definitively defeated at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815.	Dino Franco Felluga	Elba Benjamin Robert Haydon, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1839) Benjamin Robert Haydon, Napoléon Bonaparte (based on a version of 1830)
1813	Pride and Prejudice Written by Jane Austen	Stacey Kikendall
1812 to 1815	1812 War War between Britain and United States	Stacey Kikendall
16 Oct 1811	National Society for the Education of Poor Children founded On 16 October 1811, the National Society for the Education of Poor Children in the Principles of the Established Church (the Church of England) was founded to establish “National Schools.” According to their founders, poor children were to be taught to avoid vice and behave in an orderly manner within their station. To limit costs, the monitorial system was employed, by which more advanced pupils taught younger ones. Related Articles Florence S. Boos, “The Education Act of 1870: Before and After”	David Rettenmaier
1811 to 1820	The Regency George, Prince of Wales, acts as regent for George III, who has been declared incurably insane	Stacey Kikendall
1807	British slave trade outlawed Slave trade outlawed (but not slavery itself)	Stacey Kikendall
26 May 1805	Napoleon made king of Italy On 26 May 1805, Napoleon crowns himself King of Italy in Milan Cathedral, with the iron crown of Lombardy. Image: The Iron Crown of Lombardy, from Cesare Cantù Grande illustrazione del Lombardo-Veneto ossia storia delle città, dei borghi, comuni, castelli, ecc. fino ai tempi moderni Milano, Corona e Caimi Editori, 1858. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired. In a flamboyant and highly theatrical gesture, Napoleon Bonaparte signifies his political and military dominance over the Italian peninsula with a ceremony in Milan Cathedral, where he crowned himself King of Italy with the ancient, iconic iron crown of Lombardy. This crowning of Napoleon as King is a result of the French conquest of Italy. His full title was "Emperor of the French and King of Italy." Articles Alison Chapman, "On Il Risorgimento" Related Articles Erik Simpson, “On Corinne, Or Italy”	David Rettenmaier	Benjamin Robert Haydon, Napoléon Bonaparte (based on a version of 1830) Umbria Florence, Italy Ravenna The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Calabria Naples Gaeta Emilia-Romagna Lombardy Turin Piedmont-Sardinia
1802	William Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads William Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads, 3rd edition, containing the expanded and final version of the famous "Preface," one of the founding theoretical statements of the Romantic poetical movement. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright is expired. https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/Lyrical-Ballads-Pastoral-Poems-Vo... Articles Jules Law, “Victorian Virtual Reality”	David Rettenmaier
Jan 1801	Inclosure Act In 1801, the Consolidation (Inclosure Act) was passed: Parliament thus formalized procedures for enclosing common land, removing previously existing rights of the people to carry out certain activities in these "common" lands. Exact month of passing unknown; if you have information about the correct date, please email felluga@purdue.edu with this information. Image: Detail from Peter Paul Rubens, A View of Het Steen in the Early Morning, c. 1636 (National Gallery, London), illustrating a pre-Enclosure landscape. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired. Articles Carolyn Lesjak, "1750 to the Present: Acts of Enclosure and Their Afterlife" (forthcoming) Ellen Rosenman, “On Enclosure Acts and the Commons”	David Rettenmaier	Palace of Westminster
1801	1801 Ireland joins Great Britain Parliamentary Union of Ireland and Great Britain. Act of Union passed in 1800, took effect in 1801	Stacey Kikendall
1798	Rebellion in Ireland Uprising against British rule in Ireland, had help of French but were eventually defeated	Stacey Kikendall
1794	Songs of Innocence and of Experience Written by William Blake The Songs of Innocence was originally etched in 1789, but was combined with additional poems in 1794 as Songs of Innocence and of Experience	Stacey Kikendall
5 Sep 1793 to 27 Jul 1794	Reign of Terror A period of violence that occurred a few years after the start of the French Revolution. Image: Anonymous, Portrait of Maximilien de Robespierre (c. 1790), Carnavalet Museum. This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired. On 5 September 1793, the National Convention, France’s ruling body from 1793 to 1795, officially put into effect terror measures in order to subdue opposition to and punish insufficient support for the revolution and the new regime. From the autumn of 1793 until the summer of 1794, thousands of people across the country were imprisoned and executed (including the Queen) under the ruthless leadership of Maximilien Robespierre. The guillotine, particularly the one in Paris’s Place de la Révolution, served as the bloody emblem of the fear tactics that began to manifest themselves first in the formation of the Committee of Public Safety (6 April 1793) and subsequently in the implementation of the Law of Suspects (17 September 1793). The Terror ended on 27 July 1794 with the overthrow of Robespierre, who was guillotined the next day. Articles Diane Piccitto, "On 1793 and the Aftermath of the French Revolution"	David Rettenmaier	Paris
1 Jan 1792	Vindication of the Rights of Woman In January 1792, Mary Wollstonecraft published A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, which laid out the tenets of what today we call ‘equality’ or ‘liberal’ feminist theory. She further promoted a new model of the nation grounded on a family politics produced by egalitarian marriages. Image: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman title page from the first American edition, 1792 (Library of Congress). This image is in the public domain in the United States because its copyright has expired. Articles Anne K. Mellor, "On the Publication of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" Related Articles Ghislaine McDayter, "On the Publication of William Godwin’s Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, 1798"	David Rettenmaier
1791	Epistle to William Wilberforce, Esq. on the Rejection of the Bill for Abolishing the Slave Trade Written by Anna Letitia Barbauld	Stacey Kikendall
5 May 1789 to 10 Nov 1799	French Revolution The French Revolution occurred from 5 May 1789 to 9-10 November 1799. Image: Jean-Jacques-François Le Barbier, Representation of The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 26 August 1789 (c. 1789). This work is in the public domain in the United States. On 5 May 1789, the Estates-General, representing the nobility, the clergy, and the common people, held a meeting at the request of the King to address France’s financial difficulties. At this meeting, the Third Estate (the commoners) protested the merely symbolic double representation that they had been granted by the King. This protest resulted in a fracture among the three estates and precipitated the French Revolution. On 17 June, members of the Third Estate designated themselves the National Assembly and claimed to represent the people of the nation, thus preparing the way for the foundation of the republic. Several pivotal events followed in quick succession: the storming of the Bastille (14 July), the approval of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (26 August), and the march on Versailles that led to the enforced relocation of the royal family to Paris (5-6 October). These revolutionary acts fired the imagination of many regarding the political future of France, and, indeed, all of Europe. The republican period of the revolution continued in various phases until 9-10 November 1799 when Napoleon Bonaparte supplanted the government. Articles Diane Piccitto, "On 1793 and the Aftermath of the French Revolution"	David Rettenmaier	Paris
Jan 1789	Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano 1789 saw the publication of Olaudah Equiano’s Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African. Exact month of publication unknown; if you have information about the correct date, please email felluga@purdue.edu with this information. The book describes Equiano's time as a slave and his life after achieving his freedom. Image: Engraving for Equiano's Interesting Narrative. This image is in the public domain in the United States as its copyright has expired. Articles Isaac Land, “On the Foundings of Sierra Leone, 1787-1808″	David Rettenmaier
1789	Written in the Church-Yard at Middleton in Sussex Written by Charlotte Smith, included in her collection Elegiac Sonnets	Stacey Kikendall
9 Apr 1787	First settlers depart for Sierra Leone On 9 April 1787, 451 people set sail to establish a “Province of Freedom” in Africa, later to become Sierra Leone. Image: An illustration of liberated slaves arriving in Sierra Leone, from the 1835 book, A System of School Geography Chiefly Derived from Malte-Brun, by Samuel Griswold Goodrich. This image is in the public domain in the United States as its copyright has expired. Articles Isaac Land, “On the Foundings of Sierra Leone, 1787-1808″	David Rettenmaier	Vasto, Italy Sierra Leone
May 1781	Sunday Observance Act In 1781, passage of what is commonly known as the Sunday Observance Law. Discussion of the bill in the House of Commons started on May 3, 1781. Image: The Rt. Revd. Beilby Porteus, Bishop of London, printed by Fisher, Son & Co., London, 1833. Print of engraving by H. Meyer after J. Hoppner R. A.. This is a faithful photographic reproduction of an original two-dimensional work of art, and, so, is public domain, following U.S. case of Bridgeman v. Corel (1999). Passage of this Act, formally titled “Act for Preventing Certain Abuses and Profanations on the Lord’s Day, Called Sunday,” had a powerful, repressive effect on British society and culture for more than a century-and-a-half, as noted by both its proponent (Bishop Beilby Porteus) and its many Victorian critics, among them John Stuart Mill in On Liberty. Articles Christopher Lane, "On the Victorian Afterlife of the 1781 Sunday Observance Act"	David Rettenmaier	Palace of Westminster
1775 to 1783	American Revolution American colonies rebel against British rule	Stacey Kikendall
1773	A Mouse's Petition Written by Anna Letitia Barbauld around 1771, published in 1773	Stacey Kikendall